background: noise-induced hearing loss (nihl) is a common, irreversible occupational disease. statins have recently been proposed to prevent nihl. objective: to assess the effect of atorvastatin for the prevention of nihl in rats. methods: in this experimental study, forty 2–3-month-old wistar male rats were divided into 5 groups of 8 animals. 3 groups of rats received atorvastatin at doses of ...

We characterized the 2F1-F2 distortion product reflected in the human frequency-following response (FFR). In the first experiment, we evaluated the input-output growth functions of the distortion product at 2F1-F2 (FFR-DP) for three primary pairs. In the second experiment, we tested the effect of primary tone level variation on the FFR-DP. The results for all three stimulus pairs showed that wh...

The high-frequency performance of the reflector antennas is mainly limited by the surface. It has been shown that distortions on different regions of the reflector surface can have different effects on the radiation performance. In other words, degradation of the radiation pattern due to the presence of surface distortions is sensitive to the location and behavior of the surface distortion prof...

Human speech perception is highly resilient to acoustic distortions. In addition to distortions from external sound sources, degradation of the acoustic structure of the sound itself can substantially reduce the intelligibility of speech. The degradation of the internal structure of speech happens, for example, when the digital representation of the signal is impoverished by reducing its amplit...

Most noise-reduction algorithms used in hearing aids apply a gain to the noisy envelopes to reduce noise interference. The present study assesses the impact of two types of speech distortion introduced by noise-suppressive gain functions: amplification distortion occurring when the amplitude of the target signal is over-estimated, and attenuation distortion occurring when the target amplitude i...

introduction: tinnitus is a perception of sound without external source. the exact etiology of tinnitus is not fully understood, although some researchers believe that the condition usually starts in the cochlea. the aim of this study was to determine the potential contribution of outer hair cell dysfunction to chronic tinnitus, by application of distortion-product evoked otoacoustic emission (...

This paper focuses on hybrid H-bridge cascaded MLI using two equal dc sources in order to produce a five-level output. The proposed topology reduces the number of dc sources and switching elements. This paper emphasis on various inverted sine carrier PWM (ISCPWM) techniques with equal amplitude and unequal amplitude carriers. The inverted sine carrier pulse width modulation (ISCPWM) technique e...

The vulnerability of quantization-based data hiding schemes to amplitude scaling requires the formulation of countermeasures to this relatively simple attack. Parameter estimation is one possible approach, where the applied scaling is estimated from the received signal at the decoder. This estimate can be used to correct the mismatch with respect to the quantization step assumed by the decoder ...