Amblyopia is a visual cortex neurodevelopmental condition cause am vision abnormalities during childhood. It one of the most typical causes loss at an early age. occurs due to abnormal development cortex. The part receiving signals from diseased eye does not receive it correctly and thus develops abnormally. This critical period growth child results in brain damage. Depending on its aetiology t...

A majority of current disease-modifying therapeutic approaches for age-related neurodegenerative diseases target their characteristic proteopathic lesions (α-synuclein, Tau, Aβ). To monitor such treatments, fluid biomarkers reflecting the underlying disease process are crucial. We found robust increases of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in CSF and blood in murine models of α-synucleinopathies,...

Background: Amblyopia can drastically affect a child’s life. Recently, following shift in the view of amblyopia from that monocular disorder to binocular disorder, dichoptic video games were introduced as new treatment method. Aim: To explore role children with amblyopia. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar screened for keywords “amblyopia” “games”, January March 2022. Only articles written Engl...

PURPOSE To assess whether a correlation exists between optic nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness and the retinal or visual pathway function in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients previously affected by optic neuritis. METHODS Fourteen patients with a diagnosis of definite MS were examined. All had been affected by optic neuritis (MSON) with complete recovery of visual acuity (14 eyes included in s...

Mutations in the neurofilament light (NFL) gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. There is a wide range of clinical presentations in CMT patients harboring NFL mutations, with patients classified as CMT2E or CMT1F. In this study, we analyzed the effects of five NFL mutations on the assembly and intracellular distribution of intermediate filaments (IFs), and compared the results with thos...

BACKGROUND Neurofilament light (NFL) and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) are integral parts of the axonal and astrocytal cytoskeletons respectively and are released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cases of cellular damage. In order to interpret the levels of these biomarkers in disease states, knowledge on normal levels in the healthy is required. Another biomarker for neurodegener...

BACKGROUND Prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected patients is reported to be high. Whether this is a result of active HIV-related neurodegeneration is unclear. We examined axonal injury in HIV-1 patients by measuring the light subunit of neurofilament protein (NFL) in CSF with a novel, sensitive method. METHODS With a cross-sectional design, CSF concentrations of neurofilam...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of disease activity, disability, and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on serum neurofilament light (NFL) and the correlation between NFL concentrations in serum and CSF in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS NFL concentrations were measured in paired serum and CSF samples (n = 521) from 373 participants: 286 had MS, 45 had other neurologic conditions, and 42 we...

We investigated a number of image processing techniques for enhancing the retinal nerve fiber layer (NFL) in fundus photographs taken with red-free light. Wedge-type defects within the NFL were enhanced best by contrast enhancement algorithms such as histogram modification and extremum sharpening. Narrow, slitlike NFL defects can be enhanced by directional enhancement techniques. Normal NFL fea...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the axonal protein neurofilament light (NFL) in serum is a sensitive biomarker to detect subtle brain injury or concussion in contact sports athletes. METHODS Two prospective cohort studies involving (1) 14 Swedish amateur boxers who underwent fluid biomarker assessments at 7-10 days after bout and after 3 months of rest from boxing and (2) 35 Swedish professiona...