Though the equation appears complex, it simply means that the oxygen tension in the alveoli is predominantly determined by the concentration of inspired oxygen, the barometric pressure and the carbon dioxide tension in the alveoli. Because carbon dioxide is very freely diffusible across the alveolar membrane, often arterial and alveolar carbon dioxide tension will be equal. That is why PaCO2 wh...

We previously proposed a morphogenesis-based 4D model of the alveolar structure. However, the model exists only in computer, and is too complicated to be recognized in 2D display. Origami, a Japanese traditional craft, is a 4D object originated from 2D sheet. We introduce origami models approximating our computational alveolar model. One can make, see, and handle the models by oneself. Seeing i...

Experiments upon dogs anesthetized with nembutal and lasting 4 hours, in which the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct have been cannulated and collection of lung lymph and blood specimens was accomplished after intratracheal instillation of dog plasma, purified bovine serum albumin, crystallized egg albumin, and hemoglobin, have shown that the absorption of such molecules is slight. Experim...

Aim. The study is aimed at describing pancreatic islets as one of the SARS-CoV-2 targets. Materials and methods. object was pancreas. involved histological staining. Results discussion. autopsy revealed signs typical bilateral viral interstitial pneumonia. Histological examination alveoli with disatelectasis, intra-alveolar edema, hyaline membranes in a part alveoli. pancreas showed hemorrhages...

Despite nearly a half century of studies, it has not been fully understood how pulmonary alveoli, the elementary gas exchange units in mammalian lungs, inflate and deflate during respiration. Understanding alveolar dynamics is crucial for treating patients with pulmonary diseases. In-vivo, real-time visualization of the alveoli during respiration has been hampered by active lung movement. Previ...

Standard morphometric methods were applied to the lungs of 36 boys and 20 girls aged from 6 weeks to 14 years, dying as a result of trauma or after short illnesses. Individual lung units, alveolar dimensions, and number of alveoli per unit area and volume did not differ between boys and girls, but boys had bigger lungs than girls for the same stature. This resulted in a larger total number of a...

Imaging of alveoli in situ has for the most part been infeasible due to the high resolution required to discern individual alveoli and limited access to alveoli beneath the lung surface. In this study, we present a novel technique to image alveoli using optical coherence tomography (OCT). We propose the use of OCT needle probes, where the distal imaging probe has been miniaturized and encased w...

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma (OPA) was studied in the lungs of 15 naturally-affected sheep (9 with classical and 6 atypical lesions) by transmission electron microscopy. Two lung samples from normal sheep were used to develop the ultrastructural criteria. Pathologic lesions consisted of focal-multifocal to coalescent nodules or masses in the cranioventral or diaphragmatic lobes. Ultrastructur...