Let A and B be bounded linear operators acting on a Hilbert space H. It is shown that the triangular inequality serves as the ultimate estimate of the upper norm bound for the sum of two operators in the sense that sup{‖U∗AU + V ∗BV ‖ : U and V are unitaries} = min{‖A+ μI‖+ ‖B − μI‖ : μ ∈ C}. Consequences of the result related to spectral sets, the von Neumann inequality, and normal dilations a...

These are notes from two lectures given in MATH 27200, Basic Functional Analysis, at the University of Chicago in March 2010. The proof of the spectral theorem for compact operators comes from [Zim90, Chapter 3]. 1. The Spectral Theorem for Compact Operators The idea of the proof of the spectral theorem for compact self-adjoint operators on a Hilbert space is very similar to the finite-dimensio...

Let complex matrices $A$ and $B$ have the same sizes. Using the singular value decomposition, we characterize the $g$-inverse $B^{(1)}$ of $B$ such that the distance between a given $g$-inverse of $A$ and the set of all $g$-inverses of the matrix $B$ reaches minimum under the unitarily invariant norm. With this result, we derive additive and multiplicative perturbation bounds of the nearest per...

12 because the conditions formulated in Corollary 1 are satissed for the problem (??). Therefore we have for every z 2 C jjjI + zBjjj k jjjIjjj k : Hence for every unitarily invariant norm we have by the properties of the unitarily invariant norms jjI + zBjj jjIjj: This completes the proof. 2 The above considerations imply that the characterization of a zero-trace matrix by means of the problem...

We consider boundary conditions at the vertex of a star graph which make Schrödinger operators on the graph self-adjoint, in particular, the two-parameter family of such conditions invariant with respect to permutations of graph edges. It is proved that the corresponding operators can be approximated in the norm-resolvent sense by elements of another Schrödinger operator family on the same grap...

Let A = UP be a polar decomposition of an n×n complex matrix A. Then for every unitarily invariant norm ||| · |||, it is shown that ||| |UP − PU |||| ≤ |||A∗A−AA∗||| ≤ ‖UP + PU‖ |||UP − PU |||, where ‖·‖ denotes the operator norm. This is a quantitative version of the wellknown result that A is normal if and only if UP = PU . Related inequalities involving self-commutators are also obtained.