Dry-heat sterilization of planetary lander capsules requires a knowledge of the thermal resistivity of microorganisms in the environment to which they will be subjected during sterilization of the space hardware. The dry-heat resistance of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores on various lander capsule materials was determined at 125 C. Eight surface materials were evaluated, including a referenc...

plasma electrolytic oxidation (peo) is the new, environmentally and cost-effective method for coating the metals. this method vastly has been studied for coating aluminum, titanium and magnesium and their alloys and recently for steel. in present study, ck45 steel samples were coated by peo method in order to improve corrosion resistance. during this process specimens were immerged in carbonate...

This paper examines the impact of fire on microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion behavior wire-arc-sprayed zinc, aluminum, Zn-Al pseudo-alloy coatings. Steel plates coated with these materials were subjected to temperatures in increments 100 °C, starting from 300 °C progressing until failure. Microstructural characterization, microhardness, abrasion resistance, electrochemical impedance stu...

OBJECTIVE (1) Determine whether tuning fork material (aluminum vs stainless steel) affects Rinne testing in the clinical assessment of conductive hearing loss (CHL). (2) Determine the relative acoustic and mechanical outputs of 512-Hz tuning forks made of aluminum and stainless steel. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, observational. SETTING Outpatient otology clinic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty su...

The drilling and riveting processes are widely used in the assembly of carrier rocket, which makes the efficiency and quality of drilling become the important factor affecting the assembly process. According to the problem existing in the drilling of thick stacked plate (thickness larger than 10mm) of carrier rocket, such as drill break, large noise and burr etc., experimental study of the infl...

A carbon tool steel plate was coated with an aluminum foil a thickness of 100 μm by explosive welding. This aluminum-coated heat-treated in the temperature range 973−1273 K for up to 3.6 ks atmosphere form Fe-Al alloy layer on surface. The basically composed Fe2Al5, two kinds FeAl (Al-rich and Fe-rich FeAl), Fe3Al containing (Fe3Al(C)) ferrite stabilized diffusion (α-Fe(Al)). FeAl2 also detecte...

1. Easy to plate: steel, copper and brass. These can be coat* with adherent deposits that will riot fail at the deposit-substrate interface. 2. Special treatment: stainless steels, aluminum, beryllium, magnesium and plastics. These can also be coated with adherent deposits that will not fail at the deposit-substrate interface. 3. Very difsicult: titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum...