Cyclosporine A (CsA), a cyclic polypeptide metabolite extracted from the fungus, is used clinically to combat organ graft rejection in transplant subjects. Previous studies have shown that CsA exposure enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, which are directly involved in CsA toxicity. To protect cells and organs against ROS, the human body has evolved a...

BACKGROUND: Clostridium septicum has played a significant role as a causative agent of many acute fetal diseases in man and animals. Alpha- toxin is the main factor in the pathogenesis of C. septicum with hemolytic, necrotic and lethal activities. OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to evaluate alpha-toxin purification and antibody production rate against a local strain of C. septicum NH2 which ...

To examine the synergistic effects of alpha-toxin and perfringolysin O in clostridial myonecrosis, homologous recombination was used to construct an alpha-toxin deficient derivative of a perfringolysin O mutant of Clostridium perfringens. The subsequent strain was complemented with separate plasmids that carried the alpha-toxin structural gene (plc), the perfringolysin O gene (pfoA), or both to...

cyclosporine a (csa), a cyclic polypeptide metabolite extracted from the fungus, is used clinically to combat organ graft rejection in transplant subjects. previous studies have shown that csa exposure enhances the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and lipid peroxidation, which are directly involved in csa toxicity. to protect cells and organs against ros, the human body has evolved a...

background and objectives: clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium, is able to form resistant spores which are widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided into five types a to e based on its four major alpha, beta, epsilon and iota toxins. the aim of the present study was cloning and expression of c. perfringens type d vaccine strain epsilon...

clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which is widely distributed in the environment. c. perfringens is subdivided to 5 groups (types a to e), based on its four major toxin (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota). c. perfringens type b beta toxin causes inflammation and bloody necrotic enteritis. type b related enterotoxaemia is a major problem of veterinary sciences...

Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium, which is widely distributed in the environment. C. perfringens is subdivided to 5 groups (types A to E), based on its four major toxin (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota). C. perfringens type B beta toxin causes inflammation and bloody necrotic enteritis. Type B related enterotoxaemia is a major problem of veterinary sciences...

BACKGROUND The clinical utility of cyclosporin A (CsA) has been limited by its nephrotoxicity, which is characterized by tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and progressive renal impairment. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which plays diverse roles in the regeneration of the kidney following acute renal failure, has been reported to protect against and salvage renal injury by acting as a ren...

BACKGROUND Joint inflammation is a common clinical problem in patients treated by physical therapists. The hypothesis of this study is that joint inflammation induces molecular and structural changes in the soleus muscle, which is composed mainly of slow-twitch muscle fibers. OBJECTIVE To study the effect of tibiotarsal joint inflammation on muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), gene expre...

Certain sequences of nucleotides (CpG motifs) in bacterial DNA or synthetic oligonucleotides (CpG DNA) promote the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-12. Here we demonstrate that the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) unexpectedly enhanced CpG DNA-induced IL-12 production in murine splenocytes. CsA did not inhibit CpG DNA-induced TNF-alpha o...