Alloxan can generate diabetes in experimental animals and its action can be associated with the production of free radicals. It is therefore important to check how different substances often referred to as free radical scavengers may interact with alloxan, especially that some of these substance may show both pro- and antioxidant activities. Using the alkaline comet assay we showed that alloxan...

Generation of free radicals is thought to mediate the cytotoxic action of alloxan on the pancreatic beta-cell. In this investigation, the early effects of alloxan on cell function were studied. When INS-1D insulinoma cells were exposed to alloxan (1 mM) for 45 min followed by a 3-hr recovery period, the drug increased basal insulin release while abolishing the effect of glucose in static incuba...

Dehydroascorbic acid has been shown to produce diabetes (1, 2). In this respect it is similar to alloxan (3). Whereas alloxan has not yet been shown to occur physiologically, dehydroascorbic acid is accepted as occurring under physiological conditions in the cells of animals (4). Therefore, it is important to study the factors that are known to affect alloxan diabetes in order to determine thei...

Wistar rats were given 20 ppm fluoride in drinking water, or single administration of 115 mg/kg alloxan i.m. to induce diabetes, or single administration of 115 mg/kg alloxan i.m. followed by 20 ppm fluoride for 31 days. Blood sugar level increased in rats given alloxan and alloxan + fluoride. Body weight gain in rats given alloxan + fluoride decreased significantly compared to other groups. De...

The effect of various anti-microtubular agents on alloxan stimulation and inhibition of a subsequent glucose-induced insulin release was investigated using in vitro incubation and perifusion of rat isolated islets of Langerhans. Five minute exposure of islets to alloxan (20 mg/dl) induced a transient burst of insulin release which was eliminated by the pretreatment of islets by heavy water (D20...

Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that hyperglycaemia is responsible for the oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. The study was designed to investigate the comparative effects of probiotic and vitamin C (Vit-C) treatments on hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraper...

To evaluate the participation of mitochondrial damage, oxygen radicals and cell death in diabetes mellitus, we designed a way to investigate INS-1 cells, rat pancreatic beta-cell line, to die by treatment with alloxan which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incubation of INS-1 cells with alloxan for 24 h resulted in a decrease in viability of cells as well as inhibition of glucose-stimula...

The objective of the present work was to investigate the mechanism of alloxan-induced Ca2+ release from rat liver mitochondria. Transport of Ca2+, oxidation and hydrolysis of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides, changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, and oxygen consumption by mitochondria were investigated. Alloxan does not inhibit the uptake of Ca2+ but stimulates the release of Ca2+ ...

The optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and energies of the structures of monohydrated alloxan were computed at the DFT/ωB97X-D and B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. Results confirm that the monohydrate exists as a dipolar alloxan-water complex which represents a global minimum on the potential energy surface (PES). Trajectory dynamics simulations show that attempt to reorie...

Cytochrome c was reduced when superoxide was generated from xanthine oxidase in the presence of alloxan, and by the reaction of alloxan and with reduced glutathione. In each case, most of the reduction was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, but considerably more enzyme was required than with superoxide alone. This indicates that the superoxide dismutase-inhibitible cytochrome c reduction was ma...