The primary education sector in Pakistan faces many challenges relating to access to education and quality of resources. This paper evaluates the Educational Voucher Scheme (EVS) in Lahore, Pakistan aimed at increasing access to primary schooling for low income families residing in the underdeveloped areas of Lahore by using the four criteria for evaluating privatization plans in education outl...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the expression and role of Nrf2 in the acute lung injury (ALI) of mice. METHODS A total of 60 BABL/c mice were randomly divided into 2 groups: ALI group and control group. In ALI group, ALI was introduced by injection of LPS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect Nrf2 expression in the lung; Western blot assay was employed to detect the express...

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a marker of alveolar type I cells and is elevated in the pulmonary edema fluid of patients with acute lung injury (ALI). We tested the hypothesis that RAGE in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) would be elevated in experimental models of direct ALI characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury. We developed ELISA measurements for RAGE and ...

Malaria-associated acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) often results in morbidity and mortality. Murine models to study malaria-associated ALI/ARDS have been described; we still lack a method of distinguishing which mice will develop ALI/ARDS before death. This work aimed to characterize malaria-associated ALI/ARDS in a murine model and to demonstrate the first meth...

Abstract:Iraqi Shiites make up near 60 percent of the population live in the southern half of the country. However, they have been rarely in the circles of power throughout history and often under colonial domination of minorities that reached its peak during the rule of the Ba'ath Party. Thus, the Shiites were considered as an opposition through the history of Iraq, particularly after th...

BACKGROUND The prognostic value of inflammation indexes in esophageal cancer has not been established. Recent studies have shown that the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is a useful predictive factor. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the ALI is useful for predicting long-term survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PATIENTS A...

RATIONALE We hypothesise that elafin levels in acute lung injury (ALI) decrease over time due, in part, to proteolytic degradation as observed in other lung diseases. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise temporal changes in elafin concentration in patients with ALI and to evaluate whether a decrease in elafin levels is due to elevated protease activity. METHODS Bronchoalveol...

Study objectives: To assess the gas exchange and hemodynamic effects of pressure-limited ventilation (PLV) strategies in acute lung injury (ALI). We hy¬ pothesized that in ALI, the reduction ofplateau airway pressure (Paw) would be associated with less alveolar overdistention and thus have better hemodynamic and gas exchange characteristics than larger tidal volume (Vt) ventilation. Setting: La...

INTRODUCTION Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) has been reported to have a higher case fatality rate than other causes of ALI. However, differences in the severity of illness in septic vs. non-septic ALI patients might explain this finding. METHODS 520 patients enrolled in the Improving Care of ALI Patients Study (ICAP) were prospectively characterized as having sepsis or non sepsis-indu...