The information provided by the alignment-independent GRid Independent Descriptors (GRIND) can be condensed by the application of principal component analysis, obtaining a small number of principal properties (GRIND-PP), which is more suitable for describing molecular similarity. The objective of the present study is to optimize diverse parameters involved in the obtention of the GRIND-PP and v...

Increased demand for ethanol as a fuel additive has resulted in dramatic growth in ethanol production. Ethanol is produced from corn by either wet milling or dry-grind processing. In wet milling, the corn kernel is fractionated into different components, resulting in several coproducts. Wet-milling plants are capital intensive because of equipment requirements; they produce large volumes of eth...

Samples of the waste rock obtained from Marofengin South Africa ground 60, 70 and 80% passing 75µm were leached with cyanide in bottle roll tests. The results obtained showed that the percentage gold dissolution depends more on the ore size consists than on the cyanide concentration with the highest average dissolution rates of 88.75, 94.34 and 95.90% found at 600, 500 and 500 ppm, for 60, ...

Corn fractionation in modified dry grind processes results in low fermentation efficiency of corn grits because of nutrient deficiency. This study investigated the use of nutrient-rich water from germ soaking to improve grits fermentation in the conventional dry grind and granular starch hydrolysis (GSH) processes. Comparison of germ soak water with the use of protease and external B-vitamin ad...

Parsing a natural languagewith its substantial structural complexity and ambiguity has turned out to be a puzzler. While the most of attempts in this area so far has relied on hand-generated parsers, difficulties inherent in the manual construction of natural language grammar lead up to efforts to induce the grammar automatically. Our approach to the automatic grammar induction presented in thi...

Fuel and emission characteristics of co-products of the ethanol dry-grind process [distillers wet grains (DWG), concentrated distillers solubles (referred to as “syrup”), and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS)], and corn stover are evaluated. Biomass co-products from the dry-grind ethanol production process, particularly DDGS, are good sources for the electrical and thermal energy nee...

Introduction Processing conditions prior to or after fermentation of corn to ethanol can greatly influence the quantity, quality, and nutritional composition of co-products. Most of the increase in ethanol production in the U.S. is expected to come from dry grind corn plants. Because of the large expected increase in distillers’ dry grains with solubles (DDGS) production, processing modificatio...

Four insects species have emerged as important pests of alfalfa in the Western United States during the past decade. Cowpea aphid has long been a resident insect of the Western United States, but became a significant alfalfa pest during the past two years. The silverleaf whitefly has been a serious pest of alfalfa since 1991. Silverleaf whitefly reduces hay yield and contaminates alfalfa hay wi...

Net release of degraded N as NH3 and total AA plus microbial protein synthesis, quantified from incorporation of 15NH3 into microbial protein, was used to estimate the rate and extent of in vitro degradation of protein fractions isolated from alfalfa hay and silage. Seven proteins (casein, alfalfa hay, alfalfa silage, extracts from alfalfa hay and silage, and residues from alfalfa hay and silag...

Current Alfalfa Cultivation and Utilization ........................................................80 Development and Cultivation of Alfalfa for Biomass........................................82 Chemical Composition of Alfalfa.......................................................................83 Genetic Impacts on Composition ....................................................................