The purpose of presenting review was to share the medicinal and surgical contribution of Greco-Arabic Muslim scientists in diagnosis, surgery and natural medicines for the management and treatment of urolithiasis. The contribution of Al-Antaki, Al-Baghdadi, Al-Baitar, Al-Bokhari, Al-Razi, Al-Zahrawi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Zuhr was highlighted. The data compilation was preliminary and much more efforts ...

bark". Dietrich provides eleven notes to Ibn al-Baitar's commentary and, as he does in all entries, attempts to identify the plant in modern nomenclature. In this instance, however, Dietrich says, "The plant's identification is very doubtful, perhaps impossible to know". And, he references his discussion of the plant in his Dioscurides triumphans. The reverse happens as well. As an illustration...

During the 1020s Ibn Sı̄nā wrote a commentary in Arabic on the logical works of Aristotle, as part of his encyclopedia Al-Šifā’ (The Cure). The commentary runs to some 2180 pages in the recent Cairo edition; this figure includes his commentary Madk ̄ al on Porphyry’s Eisagōgē, which he counted as an introduction to Aristotle’s work. Apart from the Madk ̄ al which was translated into Latin in the 1...

This primary-source study of 4 medical works of the 13th century Muslim scholar Ibn Al-Nafis confirmed that his Kitab Al-Mujaz Fi Al-Tibb was authored as an independent book meant to be a handbook for medical students and practitioners not as an epitome of Kitab Al-Qanun of Ibn Sina as thought by recent historians. His huge medical encyclopedia, Al-Shamil, represents a wave of intense scientifi...

Even for the knowledgeable, the tasks get vitiated by the blemishes of fate or the gods, or the human nature. It is not impossible to divine what is meant here, but how much more idiomatically it could have been done: Things go wrong, even for the wise, because of the iniquities of fate and of men. The bibliographical control of source works is almost non-existent, although this is not always a...

After the fall of the Roman Empire in AD 476, scientific progress in Europe had come to a standstill. This era between fall of Rome and the Renaissance is commonly known as the dark ages. However, from the 8th till 13th century, scientific and cultural knowledge had flourished in the Islamic world. This period, which began soon after the establishment of the Abbasid Khalifate in Baghdad in the ...

A close look at the writings of the Middle Eastern and North African scholars who lived in the Middle Ages (roughly between A.D. 476-1500) reveals an immense body of theoretical knowledge pertaining to the humanities, and behavioral and social sciences. A partial list of the scholars who wrote on these issues includes names such as Abu Yusuf (8th century), Abul-Fadl Al-Dimishgi (9th century), A...