Flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) can operate on a blend of ethanol and gasoline in any volumetric concentration of up to 85% ethanol (93% in Brazil). Existing FFVs rely on ethanol sensor installed in the vehicle fueling system, or on the ethanoldependent air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) estimated via an exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) or λ sensor. The EGO-based ethanol detection is desirable from cost and mainten...

To investigate if it is appropriate to apply urine density correction when a urine sample is dense or dilute. Data on hippuric acid (HA-U), toluene (Tol-U), creatinine (CR) and specific gravity (SG) in end-of-shift urine samples and exposure to air-borne toluene were cited from previous publications. In practice, 837 cases were available, and they were classified into dense, intermediate and di...

The use of land surface temperature and vertical temperature profile data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), to estimate high spatial resolution daily and monthly maximum and minimum 2 m above ground level (AGL) air temperatures for regions with limited in situ data was investigated. A diurnal air temperature change model was proposed to consider the differences between...

The growing demand for mobility has increased the need to develop more eecient, reliable and cost eeec-tive services for data transmission over the air interface. The air interface, as compared to the wired domain , is characterized by a high bit-error-rate, limited bandwidth, and intermittent connectivity. In addition , power in the hand-held devices and laptops is limited by the battery techn...

generally, gravity anomaly is the difference between the observed acceleration of earth's gravity and a normal value. topography (all masses above geoid) plays a main role in definition of the gravity anomaly. based on modeling of the effect of topography, there are different models of gravity anomaly such as free-air and bouguer anomaly. the main goal of the bouguer anomaly is removing of...

SUMMARY Background gradients induced by magnetic susceptibility variations near air-filled cavities in the brain cause signal-intensity loss in gradient-echo images and shorten T2* considerably. With a correction method in which the exponential decay is restored with section-profile-dependent correction factors, parts of the signal intensity can be recovered. While uncorrected T2* values drop b...

Methods Nine AIS patients undergoing casting for new braces participated in this pilot study (2 males, 7 females, aged 11-16, Cobb angles 16-44 degrees). An ultrasound scan was used to measure the patient’s (baseline) Cobb angle. The orthotist then used a custom standing Providence system to apply corrective pressures simulating a brace. A second ultrasound scan measured the new (corrected) Cob...