In the present study, the operating conditions of an anode-supported high temperature direct internal reforming (DIR) planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) are numerically analyzed. SOFCs are the energy conversion devices that produce electricity and heat directly from a gaseous fuel by the electrochemical combination of that fuel with an oxidant. A planar SOFC consists of an interconnect structu...

S. Gil, J. Góral, J. Ochman, M. Saternus, W. Bialik, Department of Metallurgy, Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland In the paper, results of a model study on the effects of the air delivery and flue gas removal method on the intensity of gas blending in the hood space are presented. Two design solutions were compared: with one or two outlet channels for the hood gases. Moreover, ...

The behaviour of positive streamers in air is studied in a rather homogeneous field created by a short plane-protrusion gap in air. Branching is observed to be quite limited, the velocity of the streamers increases with travel distance and “late” streamers are observed. The interaction of streamer heads can be interpreted as electrostatic repulsion, while “late” streamers seem to be attracted b...

This paper addresses the stabilization problem for unmanned air vehicles over digital and wireless communication channels with time delay. In particular, the case with band-limited channels is considered. An observer-based state feedback control policy is employed to stabilize the linear control system of unmanned air vehicles. A sufficient condition on the minimum data rate for mean square sta...

The leaf anatomy of the species Aechmea subgenus Macrochordion was analyzed to obtain valuable data on their taxonomic delimitation and to identify anatomical adaptations to their respective habitats and habits. All leaves of these species are hypostomatic, and present: peltate trichomes on both surfaces; stomata sunk in epidermal depressions; small epidermal cells with thick walls and inclusio...

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells incorporating microchannels (D<500 μm) can benefit from improved fuel delivery and convective cooling. However, this requires a better understanding of twophase microchannel transport phenomena, particularly liquid-gas interactions and liquid clogging in cathode air-delivery channels. This paper develops optical fluorescence imaging of water films i...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this article was to investigate bacterial biofilm formed on endoscopes and to explore the possible correlation between endoscope reprocessing procedures and bacterial biofilm growth on endoscope channels. METHODS Sixty-six endoscope suction and biopsy channels and 13 water and air channels were collected from 66 hospitals throughout China. Scanning electron microscop...