We find that trade and domestic market size are robust determinants of economic growth over the 1960-1996 period when trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in PPP US$ (“real openness”). When trade openness is measured as the US dollar value of imports and exports relative to GDP in exchange rate US$ (“nominal openness”) however, trade and the s...

the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of trade openness on the employment and the real wage for the iranian food and beverage industries over the year 2007. for this purpose in this study, the ratio of export to production value has been considered as a proxy for trade openness and the main model has been estimated using a dynamic panel data (dpd) approach. the main findin...

A weakening dependence on rain-fed agriculture has been a hallmark of the economic transformation of countries throughout history. Rural citizens in developing countries today , however, remain highly exposed to fluctuations in the weather. This exposure affects the incomes these citizens earn and the prices of the foods they eat. Recent work has documented the significant mortality and morbidi...

Trade openness can reduce inflation volatility through limiting recourse to seigniorage during periods of temporary fiscal deficits, and by shifting consumption and production towards goods for which the terms of trade are relatively stable. This paper provides evidence for a negative effect of openness on inflation volatility using a dynamic panel model that controls for the endogeneity of ope...

Abstract. Openness to international trade and adopting stringent antitrust laws are both ways that countries can curb anticompetitive behavior. But scholars have long debated the relationship between these two tools. Some have argued that greater trade openness makes antitrust unnecessary, while others have argued that antitrust laws are still needed to realize the benefits of trade liberalizat...