Since independence, landholdings in Southern Africa have remained highly skewed between the rich and poor reflecting the land and agricultural policies adopted in colonial times and after independence. More recently agricultural policies have been prescribed by the World Bank as conditionalities of multilateral loans which have both facilitated and also driven the growing integration of such co...

This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundar...

Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Knowledge and Institutions (SASKI) is a thematic group that promotes sustainable agricultural production, processing and marketing systems through gender-responsive knowledge institutions within the Rural Development Family of the World Bank. Agriculture is defined to include crop, livestock and aquaculture. iii Contents

the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between role clearness and occupational commitment of branch team managers in tehran agricultural bank. research questions were provided and developed considering role theory, existent resources toward role, present job description. the opinions of branch team managers in tehran agricultural bank according to demographic variabl...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In wetland plant communities, species-specific responses to pulses of white light and to red : far-red light ratios can vary widely and influence plant emergence from the seed bank. Carex species are the characteristic plants of sedge meadows of natural prairie wetlands in mid-continental USA but are not returning to restored wetlands. Little is known about how light affects...

Soil seed bank composition is important to the recovery of natural and semi-natural areas from disturbance and serves as a safeguard against environmental catastrophe. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations have increased dramatically in eastern North America over the past century and can have strong impacts on aboveground vegetation, but their impacts on seed bank dynamics are ...

One of the major aims of the Structural Adjustment Programs, except from correcting short-term imbalances in the economy and creating an environment for sustained economic growth has been, according to the World Bank, to correct the urban-bias politics in Africa. The World Bank uses neo-classic economic models in their analysis of the characteristic of the urban-bias as well as its outcomes. Ac...

-40.0 -20.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 Food Price Index in USD -annualIndex Trend Cycle -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Food Price Index in SDR -annualIndex Trend Cycle By Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla, Inter-American Development Bank Juan Francisco Ron, Inter-American Development Bank Issue Paper No. 28 ICTSD Programme on Agricultural Trade and Sustainable Development November ...

Agricultural productivity levels in Mozambique lag behind most of its neighbors that have climatic and socioeconomic similarities. Data from the World Bank (2012) indicate that the average cereal yields in 2011/12 in Mozambique were estimated at 700 kg/ha, which is three and four times lower than the average cereal yields in Malawi (2.1 ton/ha) and Zambia (2.7 tons/ha), respectively. The limite...

1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, 2 China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China, 3 Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China, 4 C...