The 4-1BB receptor acts as a costimulator in CD8(+) T cell activation. Agonistic stimulation through this molecule by treatment with anti-4-1BB Abs has been demonstrated to inhibit various experimentally induced diseases in animals. However, the effect of anti-4-1BB Abs on experimental allergic diseases has not been reported. We investigated the effect of anti-4-1BB Abs on the development and p...

We have analyzed the effect of partially agonistic peptides on the activation and survival of CTL clones specific for a highly immunogenic HLA A11-restricted peptide epitope derived from the EBV nuclear Ag-4. Several analogues with substitutions of TCR contact residues were able to trigger cytotoxic activity without induction of IL-2 mRNA and protein or T cell proliferation. Triggering with the...

Aggressive and submissive behaviours are commonly assumed to represent two extremes of a single personality trait, often labelled ‘aggressiveness’. However, most studies focus exclusively on behaviour elicited by conspecific aggression, rates at which aggressive expressed, without considering either unprovoked behaviour, or the intensity actions themselves. Utilizing long-term data set spanning...

One type of social behavior--agonistic behavior--is commonly observed among food animals. Agonistic behaviors are those behaviors which cause, threaten to cause or seek to reduce physical damage. Agonistic behavior is comprised of threats, aggression and submission. While any one of these divisions of agonistic behavior may be observed alone, they usually are found, in sequence, from the start ...

The mechanism by which the hinge regions of glycoprotein hormone receptors couple hormone binding to activation of downstream effecters is not clearly understood. In the present study, agonistic (311.62) and antagonistic (311.87) monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against the TSH receptor extracellular domain were used to elucidate role of the hinge region in receptor activation. MAb 311.62 ...

The New Oxford Dictionary of English includes an acceptation of the adjective “agonistic” that makes it appropriate to describe the conception of education in Nietzsche ́s writings from the so called “period of youth” or “first period”, that is, the period which ended in 1876 with the publication of the fourth and last untimely meditation, entitled Richard Wagner in Bayreuth. This acceptation, w...