this paper explores the leverage determinants across firms’ sizesbased on the two main theories behind the capital structure, the trade-offand the pecking order theories. a panel data is sued to find therelationship between capital structure and the variables that proxy forbenefits and costs of debt during 1990 to 2006. our findings show thatboth principles help to explain the capital structure...

This note considers the simplest possible organization: one boss (or “Principal”) and one worker (or “Agent”). One of the earliest applications of this Principal-Agent model was to sharecropping, where the landowner was the Principal and the tenant farmer the Agent, but in this course we will typically talk about more familiar organization structures. For example, we might consider a firm’s sha...

This paper extends standard agency theoretic models to explicitly take into account the presence of multiple criteria at the agent level. Two possible approaches for this extension are discussed. In the first approach, we consider only the minimum information that the principal might posses about the agent's preferences towards different criteria. It can be shown that, in this context, the prin...

This study examines research with the keywords "earnings management" and principal agent "Agency Theory". uses descriptive statistical analysis narrative review. In 2021 there will be 845 articles published indexed nationally internationally related to these keywords. After further review, not all are relevant that cannot accessed. Of articles, after in form of theses, proceedings books which t...

the concept of right as one of the fundamental concepts of the law, policy and ethics, has been entered into legal discourse of iranian community. however, right is a contested concept, and any discussion of it requires theorizing. despite offering different views about the nature of right that can be categorized under two theories named will-based theory and utility-based theory, it seems that...

AbstractThis article intends to review the theoretical aspects and current research on agency theory. It aims explore main ideas, problems, issues related theory through a survey of literature. Agency is caused by relationships information asymmetry which causes problems costs. This not only categorizes into six categories representing various concepts but also solutions offered over last five ...

plotinus' attempt to counter the aristotle critiques on plato's theory of ideas, leads to his theory of emanation, which is called double act doctrine. plotinus is influenced by aristotle, not only in raising the problem of emanation quality, but the language and terms (including reasonable matter, indefinite dyad and activity) that are used to describe his theory. also, the theory of...