CHAOS, the Combat Hunter Action and Observation Simulation, is an immersive simulation training environment which gives small military units the experience of interacting with local Afghan villagers during a patrol. It is a physical build-out of a housing compound in a mock Afghan village, with several lifesize reactive and interactive animated Pashto-speaking virtual characters. The exercise r...

The study examines various issues in Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations in the context that emerged after 9/11. It argues that security maintenance and various development pursuits (political and economic) of both Pakistan and Afghanistan considerably rely upon cordial and mutually cooperative relations between these two immediate neighbours. However, there exists trust deficit and the war against ...

Background: Nowadays, Musculoskeletal disorders are of great concern in job health issues due to their prevalence rate which is relatively high among various occupations. Afghan immigrants working in Iran are exposed to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders among Afghan refugees living in Tehran and Qom. Methods and...

OBJECTIVES As Afghans make up the largest group of foreign nationals in Iran, the aim of this study was to assess the proportion of Afghan immigrants among those afflicted by the most prevalent infectious diseases in Iran. METHODS National and international online scientific databases were searched through November 2013. The reference lists of included studies were also searched. All descript...

BACKGROUND Relapse of tuberculosis (TB) may develop as the result of reactivation of the endogenous primary infection, or as a result of a exogenous reinfection. This survey evaluated the rate of reactivation versus recent transmission among Iranian and Afghan relapse cases. METHODS The sputum specimens were digested, examined microscopically for acid-fast bacilli, and inoculated into Löwenst...

HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 35_AD (CRF35_AD) has an important position in the epidemiological profile of Afghanistan and Iran. Despite the presence of this clade in Afghanistan and Iran for over a decade, our understanding of its origin and dissemination patterns is limited. In this study, we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis to reconstruct the spatio-temporal dispersion patt...

BACKGROUND The Afghan community is a priority population for many health and social services within the southeast region of Melbourne, which is home to the largest population of Afghanistan-born people within the state of Victoria. The majority of Afghan women arriving in Australia are of childbearing age, and evidence suggests that they are at increased risk of emotional challenges following b...

BACKGROUND This study concerns parasitological investigations estimating the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the Afghan community based on the example of patients, both children and adults, treated in the Ghazni Provincial Hospital, in the eastern part of the country. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 201 admitted patients with internal health problems were examined in the Afghan hospital...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the culture of a Kabul maternity hospital to understand the perspectives of healthcare providers on their roles, experiences, values and motivations and the impact of these determinants on the care of perinatal women and their babies. DESIGN Qualitative ethnographic study. SETTING A maternity hospital, Afghanistan. POPULATION Doctors, midwives and care assistants. M...