Development of EEG-based brain computer interface (BCI) methods has largely focused on creating a communication channel for subjects with intact cognition but profound loss of motor control from stroke or neurodegenerative disease, allowing such subjects to communicate by spelling out words on a personal computer. However, another important human communication channel may also be limited or una...

Providing adaptive support to users engaged in learning tasks is the central focus of intelligent tutoring systems. There is evidence that female and male users may benefit differently from adaptive support, yet it is not understood how to most effectively adapt task support to gender. This paper reports on a study with four versions of an intelligent tutoring system for introductory computer p...

We examined whether the initial orienting, subsequent engagement, and overall allocation of attention are determined exogenously (i.e., by the affective valence of the stimulus) or endogenously (i.e., by the participant’s mood) in the manic, depressive and euthymic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). Participants were asked to compare the affective valence of two pictures (happy/threatening/neut...

We examined whether the initial orienting, subsequent engagement, and overall allocation of attention are determined exogenously (i.e. by the affective valence of the stimulus) or endogenously (i.e. by the participant's mood) in the manic, depressive and euthymic episodes of bipolar disorder (BD). Participants were asked to compare the affective valence of two pictures (happy/threatening/neutra...

OBJECTIVE The current study examined how goal engagement and two coping strategies (self-blame and denial) hypothesized to prevent successful disengagement relate to affective well-being among adults with a functional disability. METHOD Ninety-nine community-dwelling adults (23 to 76 years old, 66 men) with spinal cord injury participated in structured interviews assessing affective well-bein...

In past years, computer game designers have tried to increase player engagement by improving the believability of characters and environment. Today, the focus is shifting toward improving the game controller. This study seeks to understand engagement on the basis of the body movements of the player. Initial results from two case-studies suggest that an increase in body movement imposed, or allo...

This research demonstrates the utility of automatically monitoring a student’s posture to track the affective states of boredom (low engagement) and flow (high engagement), which have been shown to influence learning. After a tutoring session with AutoTutor, the affective states of the student were rated by the learner, a peer, and two trained judges. Our results indicated that the affective st...

We investigate the temporal dynamics of learners’ affective states (e.g., engagement, boredom, confusion, frustration, etc.) during video-based learning sessions in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in a 22-participant user study. We also show the feasibility of predicting learners’ moment-tomoment affective states via implicit photoplethysmography (PPG) sensing on unmodified smartphones.

Affective computing is advancing as a field that allows a new form of human computer interaction, in addition to the use of natural language. There is a wide perception that the future of human-computer interaction is in themes such as entertainment, emotions, aesthetic pleasure, motivation, attention, engagement, etc. Studying the relation between natural language and affective information and...

In this article, we review knowledge about student engagement and look ahead to the future of study in this area. We begin by describing how researchers in the field define and study student engagement. In particular, we describe the levels, contexts, and dimensions that constitute the measurement of engagement, summarize the contexts that shape engagement and the outcomes that result from it, ...