نتایج جستجو برای: advertising expenditure
تعداد نتایج: 43745 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
Advertising is very important for the newsboy problem because the shelf-life of the newsboy product is short and advertisingmay increase sales to avoid overstocking. In this paper, models to study the effect of advertising are developed for the distribution-free newsboy problem where only the mean and variance of the demand are known. As in Khouja and Robbins (2003), it is assumed that the mean...
We consider a firm that sells seasonal goods. The firm seeks to reach a fixed level of goodwill at the end of the selling period, with the minimum total expenditure in promotional activities. We consider the linear optimal control problem faced by the firm which can only control the communication expenditure rate; communication is performed by means of advertising and sales promotion. Goodwill ...
Two different methods of incorporating advertising effects into Almost Ideal Demand Systems (AIDS) are presented. Both advertising schemes are designed to allow theoretical restrictions to hold globally rather than at particular sample points. The models are estimated for California figs, prunes, and raisins. Empirical results indicate that generic advertising effects for these three dried frui...
Does manufacturer advertising for a brand stimulate or suppress retail price promotions? This study addresses this controversial issue. The authors develop an analytical model that shows that the relationship between manufacturer advertising and retail price promotion depends on the role of advertising. If advertising differentiates brands and suppresses consumer response to retail promotion, t...
Pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. This paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. The amount of market demand is influenced ...
In this paper we examine the relationship between advertising spending and perceived product quality. The questions we ask are: Does a product's advertising spending in ̄uence consumers' perceptions of its quality? If so, does the effect remain even after accounting for objective quality, price and market share? Does knowledge about objective quality, from Consumer Reports or usage experience, a...
Direct-to-consumer drug advertising has recently become an important and controversial component of drug marketing. In this paper we examine one of the claimed benefits of drug advertising: encouraging the undiagnosed to seek out medical treatment. Using detailed person-level panel data on more than 30,000 individuals from the Medical Care Expenditure Panel Survey, we measure how advertising af...
Nowadays, coordination between members in a supply chain has become very important and beneficial to channel members. Through cooperative advertising, manufacturers and retailers can jointly participate in promotional programs. This action not only reduces the cost of advertising, but also is important to create a link with local retailers in order to increase immediate sales at the retail leve...
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