We begin by allowing a gas to occupy a well insulated vessel, where the pressure (Pinitial) is a bit higher than atmospheric pressure (Vinitial and Tinitial are known). The vessel is then opened and closed rapidly, allowing the gas to escape at an intermediate pressure equal to atmospheric pressure (Pinter). The speed with which this is done is crucial, because if there is appreciable heat loss...

Adiabatic representation Representation in which the electronic wave functions are calculated for fixed (i.e., nonmoving) nuclei. Avoided intersection Case in which two potential energy surfaces come together but do not intersect. Conical intersection Case in which two potential energy surfaces intersect such that their separation decreases to zero linearly in the relevant nuclear coordinates. ...

Two-phase flow distribution in evaporators has been shown to be directly affected by the development of the flow between the expansion device and the heat exchanger, namely, the separation characteristics of the two phases. For this reason the development of adiabatic two-phase R134a in an 8.7mm transparent PVC tube directly after an expansion valve was studied. This paper presents a mapping of...

The application of the hyperspherical adiabatic expansion to describe three-body scattering states suffers from the problem of very slow convergence. Contrary to what happens for bound states, a huge number of hyper-radial equations has to be solved, and even if done, the extraction of the scattering amplitude is problematic. In this Letter we show how to obtain accurate scattering phase shifts...

A surface hopping expansion of the nonadiabatic wave function is generalized to account for hops from the forbidden region on one adiabatic energy surface to a different adiabatic surface in multidimensional problems. This analysis is motivated by previous surface hopping calculations on one dimensional models that provide very accurate transition probabilities, even at low energies, if classic...

The possibility of unifying dark-matter and dark-energy has recently attracted considerable interest. In this so called quartessence scenario, a single component is responsible for both the clustering of matter and the accelerated expansion of the universe. A model archetype for such scenario is provided by the Chaplygin gas. Although this model is in agreement with the data on the expansion hi...