The first peak of the knee adduction moment has been linked to the presence, severity, and progression of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate toe-in gait (decreased foot progression angle from baseline through internal foot rotation) as a means to reduce the first peak of the knee adduction moment in subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarth...

OBJECTIVES Footwear-generated biomechanical manipulations (e.g., wedge insoles) have been shown to reduce the magnitude of adduction moment about the knee. The theory behind wedged insoles is that a more laterally shifted location of the center of pressure reduces the distance between the ground reaction force and the center of the knee joint, thereby reducing adduction moment during gait. Howe...

INTRODUCTION A high maximum adduction moment at the knee during walking has been associated with the treatment outcome (Andriacchi 1994) and rate of progression (Miyazaki et al. 2002) of medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). Consequently, many interventions for knee OA are aimed at reducing the maximum knee adduction moment. While footwear modifications, using wedged insoles or shoes (Cr...

OBJECTIVE Biomechanical effects of laterally wedged insoles are assessed by reduction in the knee adduction moment. However, the degree of reduction may vary depending on the reference frame with which it is calculated. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of reference frame on the reduction in the knee adduction moment by laterally wedged insoles. METHODS Twenty-nine healthy p...

Varus knee alignment is a risk factor for medial knee osteoarthritis and is associated with high knee adduction moments. Therefore, reducing the knee adduction moment in varus-aligned individuals with otherwise healthy knees may reduce their risk for developing osteoarthritis. A gait modification that improves dynamic knee alignment may reduce the adduction moment, and systematic training may l...

Dynamic knee alignment is speculated to have a stronger relationship to medial knee loading than radiographic alignment. Therefore, we aimed to determine what frontal plane knee kinematic variable correlated most strongly to the knee adduction moment. That variable was then compared with radiographic alignment as a predictor of the knee adduction moment. Therefore, 55 subjects with medial knee ...

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that dynamic load at baseline can predict radiographic disease progression in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS During 1991-93 baseline data were collected by assessment of pain, radiography, and gait analysis in 106 patients referred to hospital with medial compartment knee OA. At the six year follow up, 74 patients were again...

BACKGROUND After unilateral total knee arthroplasty, frontal plane loading patterns on the operated knee remain pathological in the long term, but it is unclear how they change in the early postoperative period. Additionally, researchers have suggested that the non-operated knee bears greater frontal plane loads postoperatively, but this effect is unclear. The objective of the present study was...

Medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA) is nearly 10 times more common than lateral compartment OA [1] and develops in approximately 20-40 % of adults over the age of 60 [2]. A high maximum knee adduction moment in walking has been associated with OA rate of progression, treatment outcome, and disease severity. The use of a shoe intervention with a more rigid lateral compared to medial mids...

BACKGROUND Medial elbow distraction during pitching as the primary mechanism contributing to adaptations in ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) appearance during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation has not been established. HYPOTHESIS Uninjured high school-aged pitchers with unilateral adaptations of the UCL exhibit a higher peak internal elbow adduction moment than those without UCL adap...