host genetic factors play a central role in determining the clinical phenotype of human diseases. association between two polymorphic loci in human genome, human leukocyte antigen (hla) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (kirs), and genetically complex infectious disease, particularly those of viral etiology, have been historically elusive. hence, defining the influence of genetic di...

Host genetic factors play a central role in determining the clinical phenotype of human diseases. Association between two polymorphic loci in human genome, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), and genetically complex infectious disease, particularly those of viral etiology, have been historically elusive. Hence, defining the influence of genetic di...

The innate immune system provides critical mechanisms for the rapid sensing and elimination of pathogens. Adaptive immunity has evolved to provide a broader and more finely tuned repertoire of recognition for both self- and nonself-antigens. Adaptive immunity involves a tightly regulated interplay between antigen-presenting cells and T and B lymphocytes, which facilitate pathogen-specific immun...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small preserved non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting the 3' UTR of mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. The rising evidence has established the significant role of miRNAs within the regulation of immune system and the prevention of autoimmunity. MiR-146a has obtained an importance as a modulator of differ...

1 Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy 3 Department of Experimental and Clinic Medicine, University of Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy 4 Department of Microbiology Cell and Tumorbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden *Correspondence: en...

In the present study, we examine immunological functioning in normal healthy African-American and Latino/Latina adolescents recruited from an inner-city high school and an inner-city clinic. A battery of tests was performed with enumerative and functional measures which encompassed both innate and adaptive immunity. We found immune differences related to age, gender, and race on both the enumer...