background: astronauts will be exposed to both chronic space radiation and acute high doses of energetic radiation of solar particle events in long-term deep space missions. the application of radioprotectors in space missions has basic limitations such as their very short time window as well as their acute toxicity and considerable side effects. the aim of the present study was to investigate ...

Exposure of astronauts in space to radiation during weightlessness may contribute to subsequent bone loss. Gamma irradiation of postpubertal mice rapidly increases the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and causes bone loss in cancellous tissue; similar changes occur in skeletal diseases associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased oxidative stress mediates radi...

The effect of local graft irradiation on' immune response in allograft in which acute rejection occurs was studied using an in vitro model. Unidirectional mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was used as the in vitro model of acute rejection.· 150 and 300 rad x-irradiation suppressed mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) but did not cell-mediated-lympholysis (CML) of unsensitized lymphocytes. X-irradiated ...

Ionizing irradiation induces acute and chronic injury to tissues and organs. Applications of antioxidant therapies for the management of ionizing irradiation injury fall into three categories: (1) radiation counter measures against total or partial body irradiation; (2) normal tissue protection against acute organ specific ionizing irradiation injury; and (3) prevention of chronic/late radiatio...

Our long-term goal is to use angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to mitigate the increase in lung collagen synthesis that is induced by irradiation to the lung, which could result from accidental exposure or radiological terrorism. Rats (WAG/RijCmcr) were given a single dose of 13 Gy (dose rate of 1.43 Gy/min) of X-irradiation to the thorax. Three structurally-different ACE inhibitor...

the aim of present study was to investigate the potential antioxidant and lung protective activities of sambucus ebulus (se) against toxicity induced by gamma irradiation. hydro alcoholic extract of se (20, 50 and 100 mg/kg ) was studied for its lung protective activity. . phenol and flavonoid contents of se were determined. male c57 mice were divided into 10 groups with five mice per group. on...

PURPOSE Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation exposure represents a significant environmental and occupational hazard that can cause acute and chronic inflammatory changes in the exposed cornea. Acute exposure to solar UV irradiation or to UV irradiation from such artificial sources as tanning lamps can result in severe pain and inflammation in the cornea. Chronic exposure to solar UV irradiation is ass...

The non-targeted effects of human exposure to ionising radiation, including transgenerational instability manifesting in the children of irradiated parents, remains poorly understood. Employing a mouse model, we have analysed whether low-dose acute or low-dose-rate chronic paternal γ-irradiation can destabilise the genomes of their first-generation offspring. Using single-molecule PCR, the freq...

Infertility is a serious late effect in childhood cancer survivors. Little is known about acute irradiation effects in immature primate testis. Radiation defects have previously only been studied in postpubertal primates. Here we use the juvenile rhesus monkey as a preclinical model. We expose fragments of testicular tissue to 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 Gy irradiation in vitro. We then maintain the f...