Until the late 1980s, specific viral infections of the honey bee were generally considered harmless in all countries. Then, with the worldwide introduction of the ectoparasite mite Varroa destructor, beekeepers encountered increasing difficulties in maintaining their colonies. Epidemiological surveys and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the newly acquired virulence of several virus...

Honey bee mortality has recently been associated with Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), a proposed etiological agent for a new syndrome known as Colony Collapse Disorder. Bees infected with this virus show shivering wings, progress into paralysis, and finally die outside the hive. During the last years, honey bee mortality became a serious problem for Argentinean beekeepers. We herein repor...

The health and vigour of honeybee colonies are threatened by numerous parasites (such as Varroa destructor and Nosema spp.) and pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa. Among honeybee pathogens, viruses are one of the major threats to the health and well-being of honeybees and cause serious concern for researchers and beekeepers. To tone down the threats posed by these invasive organis...

Varroa destructor infestation of Apis mellifera colonies carries and/or promotes replication of honey bee viruses like the Deformed wing virus, the Varroa destructor virus-1, the Acute bee paralysis virus, the Israeli acute bee paralysis virus and the Kashmir bee virus that have been well described and characterized; but viruses exclusively associated with Varroa were not found. To look for vir...

objective the guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) is characterized by the acute onset of rapidlyprogressive, symmetric muscle  weakness with absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes. gbs is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis in childhood, with an incidence of 0.6-4 per 100 000 population per year. the clinical features are distinct and obtaining patient's history and conducting an exami...

The occurrence, prevalence, and distribution patterns of acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and sacbrood virus (SBV) were investigated in 90 Austrian honeybee colonies suffering from symptoms of depopulation, sudden collapse, paralysis, or dark coloring by employing reverse tran...

22 Detection of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) is reported for the first time in two 23 species of ants (Camponotus vagus and Formica rufa) and in Varroa destructor. A 24 quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method was used to detect and quantify CBPV in 25 infected bees, ants and mites. A minus-strand-specific RT-PCR was used to assess viral 26 replication. These results suggest a new way by ...