Despite that drugs have widely varying indications for therapeutic use, many unrelated drugs share a common cardiac pharmacologic effect if taken in overdose. The purpose of this article is to group together agents that cause similar electrocardiographic effects,review their pharmacologic actions, and discuss the electrocardiographic findings reported in the medical literature.

A micro burette, micro pipette, and methods for their use in quantitative toxicological investigations on mandibulate insects are described. It is suggested that the form of curves relating speed of toxic action to dosage may be explained by postulating suitable changes in rate of distribution, excretion, and cell penetration of poison as dosage varies. The speed of toxic action of pentavalent ...

in this work we deal with actions of vector groupoid which is a new concept in the literature‎. ‎after we give the definition of the action of a vector groupoid on a vector space‎, ‎we obtain some results related to actions of vector groupoids‎. ‎we also apply some characterizations of the category and groupoid theory to vector groupoids‎. ‎as the second part of the work‎, ‎we define the notion...

The design of drugs with bioinformatics methods to identify proteins and peptides with a specific toxic action is increasingly recurrent. Here, we identify toxic proteins towards the influenza A virus subtype H1N1 located at the UniProt database. Our quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is based on the analysis of the linear peptide sequence with the so-called Polarity I...

It is obvious that lead intake is of concern not for its beneficial/essential effects on metabolism, but rather for its toxic actions, which can be especially damaging to children. The objective of this study was to analyze the concentration of lead in milk of mothers during prolonged lactation. Milk samples from 43 mothers were collected at 2 months postpartum. Lead was analyzed using atomic a...

Predicate-action diagrams, which are similar to standard state-transition diagrams, are precisely defined as formulas of TLA (the Temporal Logic of Actions). We explain how these diagrams can be used to describe aspects of a specification—and those descriptions then proved correct— even when the complete specification cannot be written as a diagram. We also use the diagrams to illustrate proofs...

Robust statistical methods are important to the evaluation of toxicological interactions (i.e., departures from additivity) among chemicals in a mixture. However, different concepts of joint toxic action as applied to the statistical analysis of chemical mixture toxicology data or as used in environmental risk assessment often appear to conflict with one another. A unifying approach for applica...

This interaction profile discusses and evaluates the evidence for joint toxic action among lead, manganese, zinc, and copper. The interaction profile recommends how to incorporate concerns about possible interactions or additivity into public health assessments of hazardous waste sites where people might be exposed to mixtures of these chemicals. The profile recommends using endpoint-specific h...

This article reviews the mechanistic basis of the tissue residue approach for toxicity assessment (TRA). The tissue residue approach implies that whole-body or organ concentrations (residues) are a better dose metric for describing toxicity to aquatic organisms than is the aqueous concentration typically used in the external medium. Although the benefit of internal concentrations as dose metric...