Classical brown adipocytes such as those found in interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) represent energy-burning cells, which have been postulated to play a pivotal role in energy metabolism. Brown adipocytes can also be found in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots [e.g., inguinal WAT (iWAT)] following adrenergic stimulation, and they have been referred to as "beige" adipocytes. Whether the p...

In brown-fat mitochondria, fatty acids induce thermogenic uncoupling through activation of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1). However, even in brown-fat mitochondria from UCP1-/- mice, fatty-acid-induced uncoupling exists. In the present investigation, we used the inhibitor CAtr (carboxyatractyloside) to examine the involvement of the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocator) in the mediation of this UCP...

Phytanic acid (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is a phytol-derived branched-chain fatty acid present in dietary products. Phytanic acid increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA expression in brown adipocytes differentiated in culture. Phytanic acid induced the expression of the UCP1 gene promoter, which was enhanced by co-transfection with a retinoid X receptor (RXR) expression vector...

Abstract Nitrogen-doped activated carbon (NDAC) was prepared from saw dust/zinc chloride (2:1) by heating under the flow of ammonia gas at 600 °C, 700 and 800 °C tested for Acid Brown 14 (AB14) dye adsorption aquatic solution. The fabricated N-doping carbons (NDACs) were characterized FTIR, TGA, DTA, BET, BJH, MP, t -plot, SEM, EDX, XRD. NDACs their capacity to adsorb AB14 water. nitrogen mass ...

Field experiments were carried out during 2011-2014 at the Research and Experimental 13 Center to Combating Desertification located in the Elsen Tasarkhai station of central Mongolia. The 14 study was aimed to identify the effects of oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizer on the relative 15 growth rate of several trees for forest rehabilitation. The trees used were Populus sibirica, Salix 16...

Outer scales of yellow onion bulbs turn brown during maturing. The brown outer scales contain an antifungal component, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. An aim of the present study is to elucidate the mechanism of formation of the benzoic acid. In a browning scale, the scale was divided into three areas; fleshy, drying and dried brown areas. Levels of quercetin glucosides in dried brown areas were les...

Background: Melasma is a brown or grayish brown symmetrical facial hyperpigmentation.A number of medicamens can be used for the treatment of this condition. For better results in treating melasma, combination therapy is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of azelaic acid 20% plus hydroquinone 5% versus hydroquinone 5% alone in the manageme...