OBJECTIVE Our goal was to determine which of 3 analgesics, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or codeine, given as a single dose, provides the most efficacious analgesia for children presenting to the emergency department with pain from acute musculoskeletal injuries. PATIENTS AND METHODS Children 6 to 17 years old with pain from a musculoskeletal injury (to extremities, neck, and back) that occurred ...

Nationally, health care providers wrote 259 million prescriptions for narcotic analgesics in 2012, or roughly one bottle of narcotics per US adult (1). In an effort to combat this ever-growing problem, the Drug Enforcement Administration changed the schedule of hydrocodone combination products from schedule III to schedule II on October 6, 2014. Fourteen Baylor Scott & White pharmacies encompas...

INTRODUCTION Morphine infusions are avoided after cranial surgery in children due to concerns of masking neurological deterioration and because cranial surgery is considered less painful than other surgical procedures. Studies indicate that up to 60% of patients experience moderate to severe pain after craniotomies. Morphine has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of acute postoperative pain...

Introduction: Management of pain in children is often inadequate and numerous clinical practice guidelines and policy statements have been published on the subject of pediatric pain. Tonsillectomy is among the most frequent otorhinolaryngologic surgeries, especially in the pediatric age group and after tonsillectomy the patients usually suffer from mild to severe pain for three postoperative d...

purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin and gabapentin for post-photorefractive keratectomy (prk) pain relief. methods: 150 patients were divided into 3 groups. after undergoing prk; groups 1, 2, 3 received pregabalin 75 mg, gabapentin 300 mg, and placebo 3 times daily for 3 days, respectively. patients could take acetaminophen-codeine 300/10 mg tablets every 4 hours as needed. patients...

LITERATURE REVIEW A 2011 evidence-based Clinical Practice Guideline on Tonsillectomy in Children from the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) reported that the main morbidity in children following tonsillectomy is pain resulting in decreased oral intake, dysphagia, dehydration, and weight loss. Acetaminophen alone was shown to be as effective as acetaminophen with...

The incidence and role of codeine in drug-related deaths in Victoria was investigated over a 5-year period. There were a total of 107 cases involving codeine, representing 8.8% of all drug-related deaths in this period in Victoria. There were only six fatalities in which codeine was considered the major poison. The mean (+/- SD) concentration of codeine in femoral blood was 4.0 +/- 2.3 mg/L (ra...