Surrogacy is an infertility treatment in which the sperm and egg of couples are mixed in vitro and then transferred to the womb of other woman to grow until the end of pregnancy, and this woman is called the surrogate mother. According to article 1168 of the Iranian civil law, children conceived through surrogacy must remain in custody of their parents like other children, and it is the right a...

The importance of law and the responsibility of producers of blood toward the recipients can best be seen in the tragic event for “Hemophiliacs” patients. In fact, third tragedy is full of highly important judicial documents that cover different earaches of law, as the law of civil responsibility has been the basis of the trial. The civil responsibility of the state toward the citiz...

in civil engineering concrete is a material combined of hydraulic cement, sand, gravel and water. gravel and sand compose 60 to 70 percent of concrete. these aggregates support compression force of concrete. cement paste acts as glue to stick grain together. in bushehr factories producing aggregates do not operate according to astm standards, so that fineness modulus (fm) of the produced sands ...

Nowadays, one of the important problems of law is tort of treatment system which civil law and tort of 1339 are quiet towards it. whereas, respect to patient and defence of human rights at the time of sickness and medical urgencies, has been known as the charter of patient rights without paying attention to age , gender and financial discrimination. Contemporary, if any fail in service or any m...

  One of the issues long discussed in Law of Tort (civil liability) is the effect of act and fault of injured person on Tort action. In Roman law, condition that committed fault, injured person was deprived of compensation, without the type and degree of his intervention in damage occurrence being studied. In ancient Common Law this rule was governed too. But it was gradually modified in Wester...

what has been discussed here has been a study of international immigration law. this branch of law has not been a major player in the field of international law. no collective law exists, and no codification has been carried out as yet. however, the need for such a set of laws has forced the international community to pay more attention to this issue. the need for a better life in the so-call...

in the name of allah , the compassionate the merciful abstract shath ( blasphemic utterace made during spiritual ) is a complicated concept that deserves reflection in gnosticism and sufism ( mysticism ) and estem and westem scholars have alwaya paid attention to it. although principal essence of gnostic belief is the holy divine law ,gnosticism has pure and unique thoughts . by glancing at t...