Accurate information regarding the vertical location and appearance of the mental foramen, and the presence of accessory foramina, can have clinical significance, such as reducing complications that may occur during many oral surgical procedures involving the mental area. Geographic variations were reported in these variables. The aim was to evaluate the above-mentioned variables in an Iraqi sa...

The mental foramen is described in literature as an oval or circular opening on the anterior surface of the mandible, usually below the apex of the first or second premolar or between the first and second premolars. The inferior alveolar nerve and artery enter the mandibular foramen and after traveling through the body, exit at the mental foramen as the mental nerve and vessels. These nerves pr...

In general, a human has a pair of mental foramina, a single foramen on either side. However, when it is double or multiple, and smaller than the mental foramen, the additional foramen is termed accessory mental foramen (AMF) (Sisman et al., 2012). An AMF foramen is reported to be rare, with prevalence ranging from 1.4 to 10% (Balcioglu & Kocaelli, 2009). Bidimensional radiograph examinations, s...

s: The mental foramen (MF) is situated on the anterolateral aspect of the body of mandible. It gives path to mental nerve and vessels. The aim of this study is to providing data on morphology and morphometric of mental foramen helping surgeons to carry out various surgical procedures. A total of 45 human dry mandibles were examined in the Anatomy Department of Kantipur Dental College Teaching H...

The presence of accessory foramina and canals in the mandible is frequently overlooked in clinical procedures. It is important to note that these anatomical variations may only be pre-surgically detected on imaging exams, and such detection may directly influence therapeutic success. We describe a previously unreported case of accessory mental foramen located in the lingual cortical bone of the...

Mental foramen (MF) is one of, the common sites for any form of iatrogenic injury either during achieving anesthesia or during surgery. Extraction of root tips of premolars and molars and placement of Implants in mandibular premolar region are the most complicated surgical procedures due to potential inadvertent complications of neuro-sensory alterations in the chin and lower lip. Chances of in...

AIM The aim of this article is to present a case of an accessory mental foramen (AMF). BACKGROUND The mental foramen is an important anatomical structure of particular importance in local anesthesia and surgical procedures in terms of achieving effective mandibular nerve blocks and avoiding injuries to the neurovascular bundles. Although rare, multiple mental foramina have been described in h...

OBJECTIVE To provide anatomical information on the position, morphological variations and incidence of mental foramen (MF) and accessory mental foramen (AMF) as they are important for dental surgeons, anesthetists in nerve block and surgical procedures, to avoid injury to the neurovascular bundle in the mental foramen area. METHODS Our study was conducted on 150 adult dry human mandibles from...