there are some computer programs to calculate germination related traits such as germin which have using problems. the aim of this work was to adjust germin for calculating germination related traits. seed aging effects on the seedling emergence was modeled using the optimized germin. this study was conducted based on completely randomized design in a factorial combination of five seeds aging t...

emergence of crops is affected by environmental factors such as soil water, salinity and sowing and seed quality. the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed aging (seed quality) on emergence of wheat under optimum (control) and stressful conditions including salinity (2 levels), drought (2 levels) and deep sowing depth (physical stress). seeds (cv. ‘zagros’) were kept at a h...

Induction motor structures in DC electrified railways with their dynamic performance are studied. Characteristics of the current, voltage, electrical and mechanical torque and active and reactive power in accelerating, normal and regenerative braking are investigated. The characteristics of the induction motors used for Tabriz urban railway are simulated with PSCAD/EMTDC software proving the in...

It is a well known fact that the world population has been aging since mid-20th century. The number of older people aged 60 years and above has more than quadrupled since 1950’s and older people’s share of the world population reached 11.7 percent in 2013 [1]. The older population itself is also aging. In 2013, 14 percent of the older population consisted of those who were 80 years of age or ol...

Useful lifetime evaluation of railpads were very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a suitable criterion for the replacement period of rail pads. In this study, we performed properties and accelerated heat aging tests of rail pads considering degradation factors and all environmental conditions including operation, and th...

Groundnut seed priming was performed with an aqueous solution of gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm for 18h) and accelerated aging (96 h) was done prior to drought stress (-0.4, -0.6, and -0.8 MPa), then recovered. Investigated traits were germination percentage, mean germination time, germination rate, vigor index, plumule length, radicle length, seedling length, malondialdehyde c...

We discuss the future evolution of the universe in the light of recent observations. The apparent luminosity vs redshift of supernovae favor an accelerating universe. However an Einstein-de Sitter critical universe should not be ruled out yet.