The unfolded protein response (UPR) counteracts stress caused by unprocessed ER client proteins. A genome-wide survey showed impaired induction of many UPR target genes in xbp-1 mutant Caenorhabditis elegans that are unable to signal in the highly conserved IRE1-dependent UPR pathway. However a family of genes, abu (activated in blocked UPR), was induced to higher levels in ER-stressed xbp-1 mu...

1 Center for Systems Biology and Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland, 2 Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland, 3 Division of Science and Math, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi Institute, Ne...

Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is a bacterial carrier state in the urinary tract that resembles commensalism at other mucosal sites. ABU strains often lack the virulence factors that characterize uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains and therefore elicit weak innate immune responses in the urinary tract. In addition, ABU strains are active modifiers of the host environment, which the...

BACKGROUND The purposes of this study were to investigate the clinical outcomes of enterococcal bacteriuria and to determine whether current management is adherent to Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. METHODS We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients from 2 academic teaching hospitals for 3 months (September 1 through November 30, 2009). Patients were cla...

Immunosuppressant peptide immunocortin for the first time was described in 1993. It corresponds to residues 11-20 of human Ig heavy chain (conserved motif of VH domain). There are no data about production of immunocortin by proteolysis of Ig in vivo. Synthetic immunocortin in concentration ~ 10-9 M suppresses phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages, ConA-dependent blast transformation of rat lym...

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is essential for the defense against infection with gram-negative pathogens, but reduced TLR4 expression has not been linked to altered disease susceptibility in humans. In mice, Tlr4 controls the mucosal response to Escherichia coli urinary tract infections. Inactivation of mouse Tlr4 causes an asymptomatic carrier state resembling asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). The...

8,117,523 132 * 2/2012 Divsalar et al . ............... 714/801 8,239,746 B2 * 8/2012 Divsalar et al . ............... 714/801 8,495,450 132 * 7/2013 Abu-Surra et al. ........... 714/752 8,560,911 132 * 10/2013 Abu-Surra et al. ........... 714/752 2006/0291571 Al 12/2006 Divsalar et al. 2006/0294445 Al 12/2006 Divsalar et al. 2007/0162815 Al* 7/2007 El-Khamy et al ............. 714/752 2007/028...

It has been recently pointed out by Arkani-Hamed and Dimopoulos that if the universe is a landscape of vacua, and if therefore fine-tuning is not a valid guidance principle for searching for physics beyond the standard model, supersymmetric unification only requires the fermionic superpartners. We argue that in that landscape scenario, the fermionic superpartners are not needed for unification,...

Petrological and geochemical examination of Upper Cretaceous chalks from the Abu Roash area and Bahariya Oasis (Egypt) provide insights into factors which control porosity development in fine-grained calcitic carbonates. Petrological studies indicate that primary skeletal fabrics of coccoliths and foraminifera in micrites of Abu Roash are well preserved. In contrast, primary skeletal fabrics of...

Asymptomatic bacterial colonization of the urinary bladder (asymptomatic bacteriuria, ABU) can prevent bladder colonization by uropathogens and thus symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI). Deliberate bladder colonization with Escherichia coli ABU isolate 83972 has been shown to outcompete uropathogens and prevent symptomatic UTI by bacterial interference. Many ABU isolates evolved from uropa...