1Fellow ship of Dermatopathology, Skin Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, 2Skin Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran, 3Gastrointestinal and Liver Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardare Jangal St., Rasht, Iran, 4University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 151...

Banai· I§, M., Pourbakhsh, S.A.,I Ezzi, A.,2 Ardehali, M. and Jannati, M. §: [email protected] 1. Al'illn Diseus".'· Re.H:ur,·h & Diuf{nosis Depi., Ruzi Voccine und SerI/ni Research In.1. Tehran. Iran 2. PatholoK)' Dep/.. Ruzi 1n.\'Iitllte 3. Anearohie Bacterial Vuccinf!s Rewarcl! & Prodllction Dept .. Razi Imtitue -1. Veterinary Fael/lty. Azud University, Karaj, Ira...

there are references to aristotle’s view points about meteorology in ?asfizari’s treatise entitled athar-i ulwi that have not been existed in the arabic translation of aristotle’s meteorologica. ibn bitr?k, the arabic translator, did not translate some parts of the book and there are mistakes in his translation. asfizari has also mentioned some points which cannot be found in the original work ...

Rabies is a fatal viral disease affecting warm-blooded mammals (bats, carnivores, and ruminants) even humans. The virus usually transmitted between humans or other animals through the bite of infected animals. However, there are unusual ways to share virus, such as organ transplants. has been known in ancient world since about 2300 BC. Dogs were commonly leading carriers disease. There strange ...

BACKGROUND Pertussis or "whooping cough" is an acute, communicable infection of the respiratory tract caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It has been recorded in history of medicine that the first pertussis epidemic was reported in 1578 by a French scientist, Guillaume de Baillou, in Paris. Furthermore, the causative agent was first isolated in 1906 by Jules Jean Baptist...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases of humans, with Escherichia coli being responsible for >80% of all cases. Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) occurs when bacteria colonize the urinary tract without causing clinical symptoms and can affect both catheterized patients (catheter-associated ABU [CA-ABU]) and noncatheterized patients. Here, we compared the vir...

During the Sassanid Empire in Persia (226-652 AD), there was a renaissance of humanistic sciences, including medicine, in the city of Gondi-Shapur. When the Islamic center of power moved to Baghdad in about 750 AD, physicians of Gondi-Shapur, including the dean of the medical school (a Nestorian Christian), gradually moved to Baghdad constructing hospitals and medical schools. Aided by the Pers...

The American Board of Urology (ABU) has a very distinct mission that is often misunderstood by urologists in the community. In addition, there is an enormous number of acronyms associated with the ABU. In this paper, I will attempt to explain the workings of the ABU and to define and explain the acronyms. The mission of the ABU is to act for the benefit of the public to insure a high quality, s...

Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya Razi, known in the west as Rhazes (865 to 925 AD), was born in the ancient city of Rayy, near Tehran, Iran. He was a renowned physician in medical history and not only followed Hippocrates and Galen, but also greatly extended the analytical approach of his predecessors. Based on the existing documents, he was known as the most distinguished character in the world ...