to compare the refractive and visual outcomes and higher order aberrations in patients with low to moderate myopia who underwent customized photorefractive keratectomy (prk) or  femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (femto-lasik) this study performed this research includes data of 120 consecutive eyes of 60 patients with myopia between -3.00 d and -7.00 d with or without astigmatism in two s...

background: genome instability is a main cause of chromosomal alterations in both somatic and germ cells when exposed to environmental, physical and chemical genotoxicants. germ cells especially spermatozoa are more vulnerable to suffering from dna damaging agents during spermatogenesis and also more potent in transmitting genome instability to next generation. methods: to investigate the effec...

Abstract Due to chromatic aberration, blue images are defocused when the eye is focused middle of visible spectrum, yet we normally not aware blur. The suffers from monochromatic aberrations which degrade optical quality all projected on retina. combination and additive these may interact improve image quality. Using Adaptive Optics, investigated visual effects correcting viewing polychromatic ...

PURPOSE To investigate whether corneal wavefront aberrations vary with aging. METHODS One hundred two eyes of 102 normal subjects were evaluated with videokeratography. The data were decomposed using Taylor and Zernike polynomials to calculate the monochromatic aberrations of the cornea for both small (3-mm) and large (7-mm) pupils. RESULTS For a 3-mm pupil, the amount of total aberrations ...

background: rapidly increasing possibilities of exposure to environmental extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (elf-emf) have become a topic of worldwide investigation. epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that exposure to elf-emf may increase cancer risk therefore assessment of chromosomal damage in various cell lines might be of predictive value for future risk estimation....