Till date the largest known family of transporters is ABC transporter superfamily. The genes that encode ABC genes are widely dispersed in genome and show a high degree of amino acid sequence identity among eukaryotes. Phylogenetic analysis has allowed the gene superfamily divided into seven subfamilies containing 49 members of proteins in human. Despite the immense amount of biochemical studie...

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a family of transmembrane proteins that can transport a wide variety of substrates across biological membranes in an energy-dependent manner. Many ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) are highly expressed in bronchial epithelium. This review aims to...

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters transport a variety of substrates across cellular membranes coupled with hydrolysis of ATP. Currently 49 ABC transporters consisting of seven subfamilies, ABCA, ABCB, ABCC, ABCD, ABCE, ABCF, and ABCG, have been identified in humans and they are extensively expressed in various tissues. Skin can develop a number of drug-induced toxicities' such as Stevens-...

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form a large superfamily of ATP-dependent protein complexes that mediate transport of a vast array of substrates across membranes. The 14 currently available structures of ABC transporters have greatly advanced insight into the transport mechanism and revealed a tremendous structural diversity. Whereas the domains that hydrolyze ATP are structurally relat...

increasing incidence of central nervous system (cns) disorders has become a major challenge for both basic and clinical scientific society to develop novel therapeutic models for treatment. the knowledge of stem cells has added a new dimension in the research towards finding more appropriate targets responsible for the disease fate determination. as stem cell research is progressing day by day ...

The A-subclass of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters comprises 12 structurally related members of the evolutionarily highly conserved superfamily of ABC transporters. ABCA transporters represent a subgroup of "full-size" multispan transporters of which several members have been shown to mediate the transport of a variety of physiologic lipid compounds across membrane barriers. The importan...

Silymarin (standardized extract from the seeds of the Silybum marianum) has been used in the supportive therapy of liver diseases and its cytoprotective activity is believed to be based on antioxidant properties. Our previous works showed hypolipidemic effects of silymarin. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters G5 and G8 play a major role in biliary cholesterol secretion. The ABCA1 transp...

Since the discovery of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in brain microvessels composing the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been recognized as bottlenecks in the development and delivery of neuropharmaceuticals. ABC transporters are expressed predominately at the plasma luminal membrane of brain capillary endothelial cells. These ABC transporters are responsib...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) can directly contribute to some malignant phenotypes of tumor cells including invasion, metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy. Although EMT is widely demonstrated to play a critical role in chemoresistance and metastasis, the potential signaling network between EMT and drug resistance is still unclear. The distribution of drugs in the internal and ext...

The liver plays a key role in the metabolic conversion and elimination of endo- and xenobiotics. Hepatobiliary transport of many of these compounds is mediated by several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters expressed at the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte. Impaired function of these ABC transporters leads to impaired bile formation or cholestasis and mutations in these genes are asso...