UNLABELLED Human APOBEC3 (A3) restriction factors provide intrinsic immunity against zoonotic transmission of pathogenic viruses. A3D, A3F, A3G, and A3H haplotype II (A3H-hapII) can be packaged into virion infectivity factor (Vif)-deficient HIVs to inhibit viral replication. To overcome these restriction factors, Vif binds to the A3 proteins in viral producer cells to target them for ubiquitina...

Thermometry of an oxy-acetylene flame using multiplex Degenerate Four-Wave Mixing (DFWM) of C2 is demonstrated. More than 100 rotational transitions in the d3Hg ~ a3H,, (0, 0) Swan band of C2 could be recorded simultaneously by use of a pulsed, broad bandwidth "modeless" laser. Temperatures were inferred by fitting temperature-dependent synthetic spectra of singleor multiple-shot averaged spect...

This workshop follows a successful series of workshops on the same topic: A3H at UM’07, in Corfu, AH’06, in Dublin, at AIED’05, in Amsterdam, at AH’04, in Eindhoven, and at WBE’04 in Innsbruck. The current workshop focuses on the issues of design, implementation and evaluation of general Adaptive and Adaptable (Educational) Hypermedia, with special emphasis on three major trends in web authorin...

APOBEC3 proteins inhibit HIV-1 replication in experimental systems and induce hypermutation in infected patients; however, the relative contributions of several APOBEC3 proteins to restriction of HIV-1 replication in the absence of the viral Vif protein in human primary CD4(+) T cells and macrophages are unknown. We observed significant inhibition of HIV-1Δvif produced in 293T cells in the pres...

12-O-Tetradcanoylphorbol-13-acetate(TPA), a highly actIvetumor-promotingagentand lymphocytecomftogen, accelerat•s the incorporationof (methyI-3Hlchollnechio ride a3H-Mejcholine) b@tothe phospholipidsof bovine lymphocytes. Chromatographicanalysis of the phoepholipidsfrom lymphocytes exposed to 1O@u TPA for varying Intervals in the presenceof (3H-Mejcholln. reveals a lag periodof about 20 mm, a...

Humans encode seven APOBEC3 (A3A-A3H) cytidine deaminase proteins that differ in their expression profiles, preferred nucleotide recognition sequence and capacity for restriction of RNA and DNA viruses. We identified APOBEC3 hotspots in numerous herpesvirus genomes. To determine the impact of host APOBEC3 on herpesvirus biology in vivo, we examined whether murine APOBEC3 (mA3) restricts murine ...

The human APOBEC3 (A3A-A3H) locus encodes six cytidine deaminases that edit single-stranded DNA, the result being DNA peppered with uridine. Although several cytidine deaminases are clearly restriction factors for retroviruses and hepadnaviruses, it is not known if APOBEC3 enzymes have roles outside of these settings. It is shown here that both human mitochondrial and nuclear DNA are vulnerable...

The APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases are antiretroviral proteins, whose targets include human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Their incorporation into viral particles is critical for antiviral activity and is driven by interactions with the RNA molecules that are packaged into virions. However, it is unclear whether A3 proteins preferentially target RNA molecules that are destined to be ...

The APOBEC3 (A3) family of proteins are DNA cytidine deaminases that act as sentinels in the innate immune response against retroviral infections and are responsive to IFN. Recently, a few A3 genes were identified as potent enzymatic sources of mutations in several human cancers. Using human cancer cells and lymphocytes, we show that under stress conditions and immune challenges, all A3 genes a...