This paper aims to characterize the evolution of organic matter during the composting of municipal solid waste (MSW). During the 46-day composting process, six samples with different composting time were collected from Songjiang Solid Waste Biological Treatment Plant in Shanghai, China. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was extracted by ultra-pure water, and the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectra of DOM ...

The transcription factors MyoD and Myf-5 control myoblast identity and differentiation. MyoD and Myf-5 manifest opposite cell cycle-specific expression patterns. Here, we provide evidence that MyoD plays a pivotal role at the G(2)/M transition by controlling the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) (p21), which is believed to regulate cyclin B-Cdc2 kinase activity in G(2). In growing myoblasts, MyoD re...

Plant growth is not solely determined by the net photosynthetic rate (A), but also influenced amount of leaves as a apparatus. To evaluate responses to CO2 and O3, we investigated effects elevated (550–560 µmol mol?1) O3 (52 nmol mol?1; 1.7 × ambient O3) on photosynthesis biomass allocation in seedlings Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) grown free-air exposure system witho...

phytochromes through seed germination Kathleen Donohue*, Deepak Barua, Colleen Butler, Tracy E. Tisdale, George C. K. Chiang, Emily Dittmar and Rafael Rubio de Casas Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Pune, I...

This review paper articulates the relationship between prediction market data and event studies, with a special focus on applications in political economy. Event studies have been used to address a variety of political economy questions from the economic effects of party control of government to the importance of complex rules in congressional committees. However, the results of event studies a...