abortion traditionally means miscarriage and is still known as a problem, which societies have been trying to reduce its rate by using legal means. despite the fact that  pregnant women and fetuses have been historically supported;  abortion  was firstly criminalized in 1926 in iran, 20 years after establishment of modern legal system. during next 53 years this situation changed dramatically, t...

The distinction between public and private "group-persons" which was noted in both the early Roman and German law and which is found to persist in modern Gentian, English, and American law, at least, is founded upon inherent differences in their nature. The function of the Public Group Person primarily is to advance the political or social welfare of the group, but as an agency of government, w...

Objectives: The research aims to clarify the ruling on forming smart contracts using blockchain technology, and related conditions pillars of legality. Methods: researchers used a descriptive approach describe which they are based, an inductive by extrapolating scientific material topic from ancient fiqh books, contemporary analytical legality blockchain, its conditions. Results: study conclude...

Fıkıh usûlü literatüründe fukahâ ve mütekellimîn metodu olarak nitelenen iki yazım yöntemi olduğuna dair yaygın bir kabul vardır. Bu yöntemin ayırıcı nitelikleri hakkında bazı açıklamalar dile getirilmekle birlikte, bu ayrımın hangi ölçülere göre yapıldığı, ayrışmanın temelinde saiklerin olduğu yöntemlerin özellikle dönemlerde yaygınlık kazandığı gibi hususlarda derinlikli izah mevcut değildir....