Here we investigated the potential immune-enhancing activity of Isodon japonicus on murine splenocyte and natural-killer (NK) cells in vitro. The ethanol extract of I. japonicus significantly enhanced the proliferation of splenocyte and induced the significant enhancement of NK cells' activity against tumor cells (YAC-1). In addition, I. japonicus increased the production of interferon (IFN)-γ ...

Sea cucumber is a food with nutritional benefits distributing mainly in Asia, and Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) is a kind of sea cucumber whose quality is better than any others. However, different processing methods make various effect on its quality. In this study, we evaluated the protection effect of A. japonicus with different processing methods on mice with ulcerative colitis indu...

Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) is recently invasive in North America and has expanded its range rapidly since 1998. Throughout its native and expanded range, Ae. j. japonicus larvae are commonly observed in many types of natural and artificial water-filled containers that vary in organic matter content and exposure to sunlight. Larvae are most often found in...

Native plant species that have lost their mutualist partners may require non-native pollinators or seed dispersers to maintain reproduction. When natives are highly specialized, however, it appears doubtful that introduced generalists will partner effectively with them. We used visitation observations and pollination treatments (experimental manipulations of pollen transfer) to examine relation...

Ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus (Theobald) is an invasive mosquito native to Japan, Korea, and easternChina. The species was Þrst detected in the northeasternUnited States in 1998 and has rapidly spread throughout much of eastern North America. In addition to used tire casings, Oc. j. japonicus develops in a wide variety of artiÞcial and natural container habitats, especially rock pools along ...

Taxonomically, Argentine mackerels were first considered as Scomber japonicus marplatensis and later as Scomber japonicus Houttuyn 1782, although, in the last years, different studies have suggested that South Atlantic mackerel species belongs to Scomber colias Gmelin 1789. These latter results, incorporated in the main fish databases (FishBase and Catalog of Fishes), promoted a phylogenetic st...

Recent intensive studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms in detail. Results of phylogenetic analyses indicated that some of core clock genes are widely conserved throughout the plant kingdom. For another model plant the legume Lotus japonicus, we have reported that it has a set of putative clock genes highly homologous ...

A concise and atom-economical Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of trialkyl- and triarylboranes with aryl halides is described. This new protocol represents the first general, practical method that efficiently utilizes peralkyl and peraryl groups of the unactivated trialkyl- and triarylboranes for the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction.

In this paper we give extensions of the Hoeffding-Azuma inequalities for weighted sums of uniformly bounded martingale differences. Our results improve previous results of Antonov (1979).