Aromatic short peptide derivatives, i.e. peptides modified with aromatic groups such as 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), can self-assemble into self-supporting hydrogels. These hydrogels have some similarities to extracellular matrices due to their high hydration, relative stiffness and nanofibrous architecture. We previously demonstrated that Fmoc-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-F(2)) provides a suita...

A monodisperse, spherical mesoporous silica (Acid-Prepared Mesoporous Spheres, APMS) was prepared and then functionalized with two types of Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) terminated silanes with variable chain lengths. N2 physisorption experiments indicated that, under some conditions, the pores of the solid were completely filled by the Fmoc-protected organosilanes. These blocked pores we...

In recent years, several fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-functionalized amino acids and peptides have been used to construct hydrogels, which find a wide range of applications. Although several hydrogels have been prepared from mono Fmoc-functionalized amino acids, herein, we demonstrate the importance of an additional Fmoc-moiety in the hydrogelation of double Fmoc-functionalized L-lysine [Fmo...

A double side-reaction, consisting in the formation of Fmoc-beta-Ala-OH and Fmoc-beta-Ala-AA-OH, during the preparation of Fmoc protected amino acids (Fmoc-AA-OH) with Fmoc-OSu is discussed. Furthermore, the new Fmoc-2-MBT reagent is proposed for avoiding these side-reactions as well as the formation of the Fmoc-dipeptides (Fmoc-AA-AA-OH) and even tripeptides, which is another important side-re...

1 Chemistry 2 Liquid-phase synthesis 3 Solid-phase synthesis 3.1 Boc SPPS 3.2 Fmoc SPPS 3.3 BOP SPPS 4 Solid supports 4.1 Polystyrene resin 4.2 Polyamide resin 5 Protecting groups 5.1 Fmoc protective group 5.2 Boc protective group 5.3 Benzyloxy-carbonyl (Z) group 5.4 Alloc protecting group 5.5 Lithographic protecting groups 6 Activating groups 6.1 Carbodiimides 6.2 Aromatic oximes 7 Synthesizin...

Electroaddressing, the use of imposed electrical stimuli to guide assembly, is attractive because electrical stimuli can be conveniently applied with high spatial and temporal resolution. Several electroaddressing mechanisms have been reported in which electrode-induced pH gradients trigger stimuli-responsive materials to undergo localized sol-gel transitions to form hydrogel matrices. A common...

Carrier recombination at the interfaces of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has always been one main limitations device performance. How to restrain generation defect state on film surface and improve carrier extraction efficiency are crucial break bottleneck. Herein, influence an amino acid-based N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-L-alanine (Fmoc-Ala-OH) molecule quality thus performance were investi...

The deprotection step is crucial in order to secure a good quality product in Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. 9-Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) removal is achieved by a two-step mechanism reaction favored by the use of cyclic secondary amines; however, the efficiency of the reaction could be affected by side reactions and by-product formation. Several aspects have to be taken into considera...