Maximal exercise heart rate (HRmax) is reduced after acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia. The low HRmax contributes to reduce maximal cardiac output (Qmax) and may limit maximal O2 uptake (VO2max). The objective of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that the reduction in Qmax after acclimatization to hypoxia, due, in part, to the low HRmax, limits VO2max. If this hypothesis is correc...

Aerobic exercise positively impacts cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases; however, the most effective exercise training strategies have yet to be identified. To determine the effect of high intensity (interval) training (HI(I)T) versus moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) training on cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiorespiratory fitness we conducted a 16-week crossover RCT wi...

OBJECTIVES We sought to determine a generalized equation for predicting maximal heart rate (HRmax) in healthy adults. BACKGROUND The age-predicted HRmax equation (i.e., 220 - age) is commonly used as a basis for prescribing exercise programs, as a criterion for achieving maximal exertion and as a clinical guide during diagnostic exercise testing. Despite its importance and widespread use, the...

PURPOSE To investigate the acute changes in leukocyte number and cortisol after a single bout of soccer training. METHODS Ten elite female national-team soccer players and 8 nonathletes participated in the study. The duration of the exercise was 2 h, and it was performed at an intensity of 75% of maximal heart rate (HRmax). Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and 4 h after a s...

Christou DD, Seals DR. Decreased maximal heart rate with aging is related to reduced -adrenergic responsiveness but is largely explained by a reduction in intrinsic heart rate. J Appl Physiol 105: 24–29, 2008. First published May 15, 2008; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90401.2008.—A decrease in maximal exercise heart rate (HRmax) is a key contributor to reductions in aerobic exercise capacity with a...

This study aimed to compare physical and physiological demands in youth basketball players according gender, playing positions, match outcomes. 64 (32 female 32 male) from eight sub-elite teams were monitored using an Ultra-Wide Band system inertial measurement unit three consecutive matches. The results showed some significant differences, although with magnitudes qualified as small. When the ...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between musical cadence and the physiologic adaptations to basic head-out aquatic exercises. Fifteen young and clinically healthy women performed, immersed to the breast, a cardiovascular aquatic exercise called the "rocking horse." The study design included an intermittent and progressive protocol starting at a 90 b.min(-1) rhythm and ...

This study compared the exercise intensity of four specific soccer training sessions (friendly and training match, tactical and technical workouts). Ten professional soccer players (24.2 ± 3.7 years, 177.9 ± 7.3 cm, 63.2 ± 4.6 mLO2•kg -1•min-l) were recruited. A treadmill progressive interval test was performed to determine the players’ VO2max, maximal heart rate (HRmax), HR-VO2 curve, and the ...

OBJECTIVES (a) To assess the validity and reliability of producing and reproducing a given exercise intensity during cycle ergometry using a braille version of Borg's standard 6-20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale, and (b) to determine whether the exercise responses of blind participants, at a given produced RPE, were similar to those reported in recognised guidelines for sighted subjec...

TO THE EDITOR: To explain an ineffective live high-train low (LHTL) in normobaric hypoxia (e.g., where the athletes slept in hypoxic chamber), Siebenman et al. (4) suggested that the recommended 16 h/day of room confinement may lead to a reduction in plasma volume: 13.8% and 20.1% in the placebo and LHTL group after 3 wk, respectively. To our view, this argument is not relevant for the followin...