Animal and human wastes contain fecal bacteria, including pathogens that can contaminate groundwater, streams, lakes, and reservoirs through runoff and infiltration. Bacterial nonpoint sources of pollution continually impair water quality (Hartel et al., 2002). These pollution sources may come from failed septic systems, large animal operations, land application of wastes, sewage treatment faci...

A simple conceptual model based on current literature data was developed to describe organic carbon (C) loss from land areas receiving organic wastes. The model considers the decomposition of substrate C as represented by the evolution of COs. Decomposition of wastes was described in two or three phases, assuming first-order kinetics at each phase. The fraction decomposed at each phase was dete...

A thermophilic bacterium, strain TAT105, was isolated from compost made of animal wastes. TAT105 had high tolerance to ammonium nitrogen up to 1200 mM, and highly assimilated nitrogen during the growth on swine feces. The strain was classified into Bacillus, close to Bacillus pallidus. To evaluate the effect of adding TAT105 to ammonia (NH3) emission during the composting process of animal wast...

Currently, much of our biodegradable wastes such as kitchen wastes, agricultural wastes & animal wastes are used to produce Biogas, a powerful greenhouse gas. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a treatment that composts these wastes in the absence of oxygen, producing a biogas that can be used to generate Heat & Power. Producing renewable energy from our biodegradable wastes helps to tackle the energy...

Male-specific bacteriophage (MSB) densities were determined in animal and human fecal wastes to assess their potential impact on aquatic environments. Fecal samples (1,031) from cattle, chickens, dairy cows, dogs, ducks, geese, goats, hogs, horses, seagulls, sheep, and humans as well as 64 sewerage samples were examined for MSB. All animal species were found to harbor MSB, although the great ma...

Large amount of wastes is generated every year from the industrial processing of agricultural raw materials. Most of these wastes are used as animal feed or burned as alternative for elimination. However, such wastes usually have a composition rich in sugars, minerals and proteins, and therefore, they should not be considered “wastes” but raw materials for other industrial processes. The presen...

This study was initiated to evaluate and optimize the conversion of animal fat from tannery wastes into methyl ester. In the pre-treatment stage, animal fats feedstock was hydrolysed and esterified through solid state fermentation (SSF) using Microbacterium species immobilized onto sand silica matrix. After 72 hours of fermentation, predominant esters in the animal fats were found to be with 83...

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Concerns about potential animal waste pollution of the environment have focused mainly on water, and the potential impacts of nitrogen, phosphorous, and turbidity (suspended solids). However, contemporary issues associated with potential pollution impacts of livestock operations now include microbial pathogens, gaseous emissions (such as ammonia), and odors (odorants...

Arsenic exposures contribute significantly to the burden of preventable disease worldwide, specifically related to increased risks of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Most exposures are associated with natural contamination of groundwater, which is difficult to mitigate when these sources are used for drinking water. An anthropogenic source of arsenic exposure stems from the widesp...