OBJECTIVE Nationally, motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among youth ages 16 to 20 years. Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws have been implemented to reduce motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers. Studies have shown decreases in teen crash rates and crash-related fatality rates following enactment of GDL laws. However, GDL laws typically apply to teens only until their 18...

Graduated driver licensing (GDL) is a critical policy tool for potentially improving teenage driving while reducing teen accident exposure. While previous studies demonstrated that GDL reduces teenage involvement in fatal crashes, much remains unanswered. We explore the mechanisms through which GDL influences accident rates as well as its long term effectiveness on teen driving. In particular, ...

The Game Description Language (GDL) is a special purpose declarative language for defining games. GDL is used in the AAAI General Game Playing Competition, which tests the ability of computer programs to play games in general, rather than just to play a specific game. Participants in the competition are provided with a game specified in GDL, and then required to play this game. Recently, there ...

The Game Description Language (GDL) is a special purpose declarative language for defining games. GDL is used in the AAAI General Game Playing Competition, which tests the ability of computer programs to play games in general, rather than just to play a specific game. Software participants in the competition are provided with a game specified in GDL, and then required to play this game, interpr...

in this paper, a non-isothermal two-phase flow in the cathode gas diffusion layer (gdl) of pem fuel cell is modeled. the governing equations including energy, mass and momentum conservation equations are solved by numerical methods. also, the optimal values of the effective parameters such as the electrodes porosity, gas diffusion layer (gdl) thickness and inlet relative humidity are calculated...

A subset of CC chemokine receptor-6(+) (CCR6(+)), γδ-low (GDL) T cells that express Th17 cytokines in mouse skin participates in IL-23-induced psoriasiform dermatitis. We use CCR6-deficient (knockout, KO) and wild-type (WT) mice to analyze skin trafficking patterns of GDL T cells and function-blocking mAbs to determine the role of CCR6 in IL-23-mediated dermatitis. Herein, CCL20 was highly upre...

PROBLEM The implementation of Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) programs has significantly improved the crash and fatality rates of novice teen drivers, but these rates remain unacceptably high. METHOD A review of adolescent development research was undertaken to identify potential areas of improvement. RESULTS Research support for GDL was found to be strong, particularly regarding early acq...

Graduated driver licensing (GDL) laws now exist in all 50 states and the District of Columbia in the United States. These GDL systems are designed to reduce the exposure of young novice drivers to risky situations (such as late-night driving and driving with other teen passengers when alcohol is likely to be involved). Our aims were to determine if (a) GDL laws reduce fatal crash involvements o...

Thermal conductivity of graphite bipolar plates (BPP) decreases with temperature. Thermal Contact resistance (TCR) between BPP and GDLs decreases with compression. GDL-BPP TCR increases with MPL and PTFE, regardless of the PTFE loading. High PTFE loading, MPL, and BPP outof-flatness increase the TCR dramatically. The graphite BPP-GDL TCR is a dominant resistance in a BPP-GDL assembly. a r t i c...

Prions induce lethal neurodegeneration and consist of PrPSc, an aggregated conformer of the cellular prion protein PrPC. Antibody-derived ligands to the globular domain of PrPC (collectively termed GDL) are also neurotoxic. Here we show that GDL and prion infections activate the same pathways. Firstly, both GDL and prion infection of cerebellar organotypic cultured slices (COCS) induced the pro...