OBJECTIVE Our aim is to compare mammographic, demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of patients whose mammographies were classified as subgroups of BI-RADS 4 category (Breast Imaging - Reporting and Data System). METHODS In total, 103 patients with mammography (Senographe 600t Senix HF; General Electric, Moulineaux, France) results classified as BI-RADS 4 were included in the st...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Being able to measure dental anxiety and fear is a necessary prerequisite for studying and understanding the nature and consequences of this common fear. Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+) is the latest scale presented for the assessment of dental anxiety, but it has never been applied in Iran. The aim of this study was t...

We used horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to orthogradely label afferent axons in macaque striate cortex. Of the 38 axons that we recovered, nine were recorded intracellularly before being filled with HRP. Light microscope and computer reconstructions of filled processes reveal highly stereotyped patterns of arborization and suggest that there are at least five discrete populations of lateral genicu...

The authors have noticed that Figure 4C was published incorrectly in the original version of this Article. The correct Figure 4C appears below in Figure 1.

The relationships between ocular dominance columns and intrinsic cortical circuitry were examined in brain slices prepared from the striate cortex of macaques. Ocular dominance columns in layer 4C beta were visualized in vitro following anterograde transport of rhodamine injected into the lateral geniculate nucleus in vivo. The axonal and dendritic arborizations of individual layer 4C beta cell...

"4C-amodiaquin and "4C-chloroquine were used to study drug binding by preparations of owl monkey erythrocytes infected either with a chloroquine-susceptible (CS) or with a chloroquine-resistant (CR) strain of P. falciparum. Both of these drugs are derivatives of 4-aminoquinoline, but they differ in their side chains, and there are differences in the way they are handled by preparations of eryth...

Neurons in layer 4C in macaque striate cortex show an increase in receptive field size and achromatic contrast sensitivity from the bottom to the top of the layer. Using a computational model which is based on realistic anatomical and physiological data we demonstrate that part of the observed changes can arise from differences in the overall balance between recurrent excitation and lateral inh...

Cell cycle progression of G2 fractions (75-80% G2 (4C) cells) from 8 h anaerobically cultured asynchronous hyperdiploid Ehrlich ascites tumor cells strain Karzel, separated by centrifugal elutriation, was studied after reaeration by flow cytometric methods, including the BrdU-H33258 technique and dual parameter measurements. Analyses of the growth kinetics demonstrated that one fraction of the ...

This article describes the use of four-component instructional design (4C/ID), a model to plan educational interventions for complex learning. This model was used to design a continuing education course on communication skills for health professionals in a context that is hierarchical and communal. The authors describe the 4C/ID model and provide an example of its application in designing the c...

A new class of N-(1-thia-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)carboxamide inhibitors of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA)-mediated membrane fusion that has a narrow and defined structure-activity relationship was identified. In Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with different strains of human influenza virus A/H3N2, the lead compound, 4c, displayed a 50% effective concentration of 3 to 23 m...