The unit root test proposed by Ranjbar et al. (2018) was examined for an alternative of stationary asymmetric exponential smooth transition autoregressive (AESTAR) under structural breaks. situation that stands out as a deficiency in the mentioned study model does not includes zero-mean structure taken into account. On contrary, features should also had been explained. Because time-varying dete...

most minerals, occurring in aqueous environments, play a key role in the survival rate of aquatic living organisms. however, life situation of the living organisms would be under attack when the contents of these elements exceed than the specified limit because of various reasons (amini ranjbar, 1994). bioaccumulation of the elements in living organisms and their excess concentration than stand...

As a continuation of previous work of the first author with S. Ranjbar [26] on a special form of variational inequalities in Hadamard spaces, in this paper we study equilibrium problems in Hadamard spaces, which extend variational inequalities and many other problems in nonlinear analysis. In this paper, first we study the existence of solutions of equilibrium problems associated with pseudomon...

In this paper, we study a resource-constrained project scheduling problem in which a set of project activities have due dates. If the finish time of each one of these activities is not equal to its due date, an earliness or a tardiness cost exists for each tardy or early period. The objective is to minimize the sum of discounted weighted earliness-tardiness penalty costs of these activities. Sc...

This paper presents a theoretical as well as empirical study on the evolution of cooperation on complex social networks, following the continuous action iterated prisoner’s dilemma (CAIPD) model. In particular, convergence to network-wide agreement is proven for both evolutionary networks with fixed interaction dynamics, as well as for coevolutionary networks where these dynamics change over ti...

Son dönemlerde çevre kirliliği ve küresel ısınma (iklim değişikliği) sorunlarına yönelik olarak ölçekte artan bir endişenin oluştuğu dikkat çekmektedir. Söz konusu sorunların temelinde ise ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme performanslarını arttırma çabaları doğrultusunda neden oldukları karbondioksit emisyonları yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı en fazla karbon salınımına (yani kirliliğine) olan 20 ü...

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The significance of Leishmania tropica (late ulcerative) in human cutaneous leishmaniasis has been recognized only recently, whereas can visceralize and cause systemic illness. Virulence variability was investigated by analyzing the experimental pathogenicity of nine Leishmania tropica strains. BALB/c mice were in...