By tracking conformational transitions of individual ion channel proteins, single-channel recordings allow the observer to deduce gating mechanisms, as well as estimate rate constants of microscopic gating steps. For most ion channels, gating mechanisms are complex, comprising multiple stable open (O) and closed (C) conformations among which conformational transitions may follow a network of po...

Background: Evidence suggests a relation between short sleep duration and obesity. Objective: We assessed energy balance during periods of short and habitual sleep in normal-weight men and women. Design: Fifteen men and 15 women aged 30–49 y with a body mass index (in kg/m) of 22–26, who regularly slept 7–9 h/night, were recruited to participate in this crossover inpatient study. All participan...

Ecotourists appreciate nature and are willing to learn about nature and ecology. Th erefore ecotourism is often seen as a product package that supports sustainable tourism development. Th is study contributes to existing research in the fi eld of ecotourism as it investigates how travel motives and environmental concern of mountain tourists infl uences their actual demand for ecotourism. A surv...

Bilindiği üzere, Secâvendî vakfı; lâzım ( م ), mutlak ط caiz ج mücevvez li-vechin ز murahhas zarureten ص ) ve gayr-ı câiz لا olmak üzere altı kategoriye ayırmış bu kategorileri parantez arasında belirttiğimiz harflerden belirlediği sembollerle göstermiştir. Türkiye’deki mushaflarda Secâvendî’nin sistemi tercih edilmiş olmasına rağmen, onun sisteminde bulunmayan kimi rumuzlar da kullanılmıştır. ...

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from fatty acids in vegetable oils or animal fats. Because it contains almost no sulphur, it burns more cleanly than conventional diesel. However, the chemical reaction that breaks down the fatty acids into fuel relies on an aqueous alkali catalyst such as sodium hydroxide, making the product difficult to separate from the reaction mixture. Robert S. Wat...

د ماعتملا فعاضملا يددر تلا مي سقتلا ما ظنل أ طخلا لد عم بسح ءادلاا (OFDM) يلضافت ريف شتل مدختسملا عو ن 16 يمجنلا د ماعتم يراد قم نيمضتب (QAM) نماز تم يلضافت فشاآو هيسواآ هفاضم ءاضيب ءاضوض تاذ ل قن ةا نقو ا ع يزوتل نيراسمب توفخ تاذ ىرخاو حطسم ددرت تاذ ةانقو صخلملا : ت نا يف لمعتسأٌ د ماعتملا فعاضملا يددر تلا مي سقتلا مسأب فورعملا ةددعتملا ةلماحلا تاددرتلا وذ لاسرلاا ةينق تانيتسلا دقع ) 1960's...

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