An analysis of early coelom development in the echinoid Holopneustes purpurescens yields a deuterostome body plan that explains the disparity between the pentameral plan of echinoderms and the bilateral plans of chordates and hemichordates, the three major phyla of the monophyletic deuterostomes. The analysis shows an early separation into a medial hydrocoele and lateral coelomic mesoderm with ...

Pseudo-obstruction of the Large Bowel R. Herrera-Llerandi, M.D ................. 347 Nutritional Megaloblastic Anaemia in Immigrants R. P. Britt, M.R.C.PATH., and Christine Harper, B.SC . .......................... 348 English Language Problems H. Joshi, F.R.C.S ......................... 348 Breast-milk Jaundice R. Payne, D.P.M ......................... 348 Induction of Labour C. J. Carr, M.R.C...

Extracellular phosphate plays a key role in growth plate maturation by inducing Erk1/2 (Mapk3/1) phosphorylation, leading to hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis. The Raf kinases induce Mek1/2 (Map2k1/2) and Erk1/2 phosphorylation; however, a role for Raf kinases in endochondral bone formation has not been identified. Ablation of both A-Raf (Araf) and B-Raf (Braf) in chondrocytes does not alter g...

Motor neuron degeneration resulting from the aggregation of the androgen receptor with an expanded polyglutamine tract (AR-polyQ) has been linked to the development of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA or Kennedy disease). Here we report that adding 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,4,6-heptatrien-3-one (ASC-J9) disrupts the interaction between AR and its coregulators, and also in...

NATURE | VOL 410 | 15 MARCH 2001 | www.nature.com 345 The onsets of the transitions are all in the vicinity of 36 K, the transition temperature for x ˆ 0:10. There is no bulk superconducting transition for x ˆ 0:3 and x ˆ 0:4. The data are interpreted as indicating that bulk superconductivity in single-phase material is suppressed for x greater than 0.10. The superconducting transitions observe...

OBJECTIVE To determine the face validity and internal reliability of the short form 36 (SF 36) health survey questionnaire in women presenting with menorrhagia. DESIGN Postal survey of women recruited by their general practitioners followed by interviews of a selected subsample. PATIENTS 348 women who had consulted their general practitioner with excessive menstrual bleeding and completed q...

OBJECTIVES To examine the therapeutic effects of tadalafil on erectile dysfunction (ED) at 24 and 36 hours after dosing. METHODS A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of 348 men (mean age 57 years) with ED was conducted in Europe and the United States. Patients were stratified by baseline severity of ED using the Erectile Function domain score of th...