looking from an historical perspective, it can be seen that many civilizations have lived in the country and consequently produced many different cultures and architectural products. one of the oldest cities which contain such historical examples which have lived until present is tabriz. its traditional houses are the most important places to represent the life style of the past. lack of recogn...

Abstract Stemming from centrally planned church architecture, the domestic rotunda type counts as one of most renowned examples Renaissance architectural conception. Often considered a physical and earthly manifestation divine, architects ordained symbolism through ratio proportion. While mostly linked to Italian examples, typology also affected British derived models Serlio Palladio. By combin...

School buildings as a major part of public buildings are considered as one of the basic consumers of energy in Iran. Based on building typology and occupancy patterns, school buildings have a great potentiality for energy optimization while providing thermal comfort. This study investigates the architectural design parameters such as orientation, optimum window to wall ratio, space organization...

Abstract The characteristics of the façade are architectural elements in diversity shapes each building. Architectural Typology is an approach to identify attributes define similarities and differences a building object. In area Loji Wetan Surakarta which has connection with Vastenburg fortress, there still some colonial buildings Dutch heritage that exist. This study aims typology on Surakarta...