Clinical trials provide the evidence that forms one of cornerstones modern evidence-based medicine, together with clinical judgement and patient values preferences.1Evidence-Based Medicine Working GroupEvidence-based medicine: a new approach to teaching practice medicine.JAMA. 1992; 268: 2420-2425Crossref PubMed Scopus (3361) Google Scholar The US National Institutes Health defines trial as, ‘a...

The 34th Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health, published early in 2020, prominently noted that prevalence of cigarette smoking among US adults has declined from nearly 43% 1964, to a low 14% 2018. This represents the smallest percentage adult smokers United States since just after World War I, century ago, resulted saving millions lives debilitating illnesses.1US Department Health Hum...

•Clean-air policies in India have varying degrees of political feasibility•We assess how feasibility affects air-quality and climate impacts•We develop a policy tool to integrate environmental assessments Political is at the center air-pollution policymaking developing world, affecting both choices their implementation outcomes. Using as test case, we demonstrate considerations (e.g., public op...