by the widespread of international relations, the issues related to private international law, particularly the entitlement of foreigners to the civil rights, have become more important. in the iranian law, although the entitlement of foreigners to the civil rights has been recognized as a principle as per article 961 of the civil code, but its three paragraphs provides certain exceptions. owin...

the private area (privacy) is a humanitarian issue and one of the concepts of developed lawful systems which is closely related to human dignity. therefore, supporting and protecting the individuals' personalities and the citizens' rights requires protection of privacy, which leads to human signification. privacy is not clearly and meaningfully supported, in iranian law. like the posi...

party autonomy and parties freedom in choosing the governing law to non-contractual liabilities, when this litigation has accompanied with international elements , is one of the innovations european law during approval the rome ii regulationwhich facilitates the simultaneous and balanced access to certainty and flexibility as two conflicting interests , and is accordance withmost recent theorie...

one of the special liability is the liability of proprietor of building.sometime the citizen sustain a loss from the destruction of a building and for this reason in evry legal systems the proprietor or the guard of building is responsible. in the law of rom the proprietor was responsible and this liability has been entered into the article 1386 of french civil code and article 333 of iranian c...

article 963 of the civil code considers the personal and financial relations of spouses who are not the nationals of the same government as subject to the concerned government of husband. in the first glance, primitive emergence of this article also includes an iranian woman who has married a foreign man and considers her as subject to the law of the concerned government of her foreign husband....

abstract      uncertainty is one of the general rules of the law of contract that is discussed from different aspects under islamic and iranian law. however, despite the long history of the subject and its importance, there are still ambiguities about its application in contracts especially the new ones. this article succinctly examines the meaning, scope and application of gharar (uncertainty)...

in articles of 196,768 and 769, the iranian civil code, under influence of the french law (art.1121 civ. code) and imamieh's jurisprudence, without any explanation to the legal nature of the contract for the benefit of third party, has briefly allowed the contracting parties to create an obligation for the benefit of third party. this brevity caused an ambiguity in explaining of the relati...