Intraperitoneal administration of the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) induces brain-mediated sickness symptoms that can be blocked by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. Intraperitoneal IL-1beta also induces expression of the activation marker c-fos in vagal primary afferent neurons, suggesting that IL-1beta is a key component of vagally mediated immune-to-brain communication. The cellular sources...

OBJECTIVES The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 are modulators of the neuroimmune axis and have been implicated in neuronal cell death cascades after ischemia or infection. Previous work has shown that some cross-species conservation exists between human and rodent blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport systems. To further assess cross-species conservation of cytokine transport across the...

Macrophages and their precursors, monocytes, are key cells involved in the innate immune response. Although both monocytes and macrophages produce caspase-1, the key enzyme responsible for pro-IL-1beta processing; macrophages are limited in their ability to activate the enzyme and release functional IL-1beta. In this context, because mutations in the pyrin gene (MEFV) cause the inflammatory dis...

Because both the brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) gene and the cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) are induced in the infarcted myocardium, localized production of IL-1beta may regulate the BNP gene. We tested whether (1) IL-1beta regulates the human BNP promoter, (2) cis elements in the proximal promoter respond to IL-1beta, and (3) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways [...

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is the main risk factor for the development of non-cardia gastric cancer. Increased proliferation of the gastric mucosa is a feature of H. pylori infection. Mucosal interkeukin-1beta production is increased in H. pylori infection and IL-1beta genotypes associated with increased pro-inflammatory activity are risk factors for the development of gastric cancer. The e...

In asthma, human airway epithelial cells (HAECs) regulate the intensity of mucosal inflammation, in part, by releasing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta. However, the IL-1beta inhibitors, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and soluble IL-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII), regulate IL-1beta bioactivity. In order to better understand the control of IL-1beta activity in the airway mu...

Reports describing the effect of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production are conflicting. We resolve this controversy by showing that IFNgamma potentiates IL-1beta release from human cells, but transiently inhibits the production of IL-1beta from mouse cells. Release from this inhibition is dependent on suppressor of cytokine signalling 1. IL-1beta and Th17 cells ...

AIM To examine the role of cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in retinal capillary cell death in diabetes. METHODS The effect of glucose on the expression of IL-1beta was measured in the bovine retinal endothelial cells. The role of IL-1beta in the accelerated endothelial cell loss was determined by investigating the effect of human recombinant IL-1beta on their apoptosis in normal and hig...

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta is a key mediator of the inflammatory response and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic inflammation. IL-1beta is synthesized in response to many stimuli as an inactive pro-IL-1beta precursor protein that is further processed by caspase-1 into mature IL-1beta, which is the secreted biologically active form of the cytokine. Although ...

The authors have studied mechanisms which could be involved in the sustained activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis during continuous infusion of rats with recombinant human interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). First, the effects of 3 days of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of rats with IL-1 on plasma adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and corticosterone (B) levels were investig...